Android開發經驗總結

溫馨提示：下文是博主在Android開發程序中，對常見部分問題進行的方法總結與經驗雜談，希望大家多多支持！！！

一、針對高版本API進行網路訪問

1.打開網路權限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

2.網路權限檔案配置

（1）XML檔案

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true"/>
</network-security-config>

（2）檔案放置位置

（3）清單檔案參考

3.網路框架及資料決議包的匯入

（1）網路請求的封裝

package com.fjzzy.pzc.utils;

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.squareup.okhttp.MediaType;
import com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;
import com.squareup.okhttp.RequestBody;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author pzc
 * requestHttp 網路請求
 * address 請求地址后綴
 * jsonData 請求引數
 * isToken 是否攜帶Token
 * isType 請求型別
 * tClass 物體類
 */
public class OkHttpUtils {

    static final OkHttpClient CLIENT = new OkHttpClient();
    static final String URL="";
    static final String TOKEN="";

    public static <T> T requestHttp(String address, String jsonData, boolean isToken, String isType, Class<T> tClass) throws IOException {
        synchronized (CLIENT) {
            RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json"), jsonData);
            Request request = new Request.Builder()
                    .url(URL + address)
                    .build();
            if (isToken) {
                request.newBuilder().addHeader("替換你需要的Header", TOKEN);
            }
            switch (isType) {
                case "GET":
                    request.newBuilder().get();
                    break;
                case "POST":
                    request.newBuilder().post(body);
                    break;
                case "PUT":
                    request.newBuilder().put(body);
                    break;
                default:
            }
            return new Gson().fromJson(CLIENT.newCall(request).execute().body().string(), tClass);
        }
    }
}

二、利用Collections進行資料排序

（1）創建Enity類DataBean

package com.fjzzy.pzc.enity;

public class DateBean {
    public DateBean(int id, int num, String startTime, String endTime) {
        this.id = id;
        this.num = num;
        this.startTime = startTime;
        this.endTime = endTime;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }

    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }

    public String getStartTime() {
        return startTime;
    }

    public void setStartTime(String startTime) {
        this.startTime = startTime;
    }

    public String getEndTime() {
        return endTime;
    }

    public void setEndTime(String endTime) {
        this.endTime = endTime;
    }

    int id;
    int num;
    String startTime;
    String endTime;
}

（2）初始化并寫入DataBean

List<DateBean> list;
list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new DateBean(1, 22, "2020-11-06", "2020-11-18"));
        list.add(new DateBean(2, 44, "2020-11-02", "2020-11-13"));
        list.add(new DateBean(3, 88, "2020-11-08", "2020-11-14"));
        list.add(new DateBean(4, 66, "2020-11-03", "2020-11-16"));
        list.add(new DateBean(5, 11, "2020-11-05", "2020-11-17"));
        list.add(new DateBean(6, 66, "2020-11-06", "2020-11-12"));
        list.add(new DateBean(7, 33, "2020-11-01", "2020-11-19"));

（3）ListView對資料源進行輸出

        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
        
        class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter{

        public MyAdapter(List<DateBean> data) {
            this.data = data;
            backData = data;
        }

        List<DateBean> data; //這個資料是會改變的，所以要有個變數來備份一下原始資料
        List<DateBean> backData;//用來備份原始資料

        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            return data.size();
        }

        @Override
        public Object getItem(int position) {
            return data.get(position);
        }

        @Override
        public long getItemId(int position) {
            return 0;
        }

        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            @SuppressLint("ViewHolder")
            View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.item_list, null);
            ViewHolder viewHolder = new ViewHolder(view);
            viewHolder.tvId.setText(String.valueOf(data.get(position).getId()));
            viewHolder.tvNum.setText(String.valueOf(data.get(position).getNum()));
            viewHolder.tvsTime.setText(String.valueOf(data.get(position).getStartTime()));
            viewHolder.tveTime.setText(String.valueOf(data.get(position).getEndTime()));
            return view;
        }



        class ViewHolder {
            TextView tvId, tvNum, tvsTime, tveTime;
            View rootView;

            public ViewHolder(View rootView) {
                this.rootView = rootView;
                tvId = rootView.findViewById(R.id.tv_id);
                tvNum = rootView.findViewById(R.id.tv_num);
                tvsTime = rootView.findViewById(R.id.tv_startTime);
                tveTime = rootView.findViewById(R.id.tv_endTime);
            }
        }
        
    }

附：1.ListView系結的布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:gravity="center">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_id"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="1"
            android:textSize="20dp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_num"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="1"
            android:textSize="20dp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_startTime"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="2"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="1"
            android:textSize="20dp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_endTime"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="2"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="1"
            android:textSize="20dp" />
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

附：2.主界面布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp">
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/edit_select"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="3"/>
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_select"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textColor="#fff"
            android:text="搜索"
            android:textSize="20dp"/>
    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp">
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_selectUp"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="up"/>
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_selectDown"
            android:layout_marginLeft="20dp"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="down"/>
    </LinearLayout>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_selectTime"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:text="按時間排序"/>
    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_View"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>

（4）進行排序

1.升序

        btnSelectUp.setOnClickListener((v) -> {
            Collections.sort(list, new MaxNum());
            ///資料顯示
            listView.setAdapter(new MyAdapter(list));
        });
        
	///排序的方法
    static class MaxNum implements Comparator {

        @Override
        public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
            DateBean bean = (DateBean) o1;
            DateBean thisBean = (DateBean) o2;
            return Integer.compare(bean.getId() & bean.getNum(), thisBean.getId() & thisBean.getNum());
        }
    }

2.降序

        btnSelectDown.setOnClickListener((v) -> {
            Collections.reverse(list);
            listView.setAdapter(new MyAdapter(list));
        });

三、對ListView進行Filter過濾

1.該過濾基于上述操作

package com.fjzzy.pzc;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Adapter;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Filter;
import android.widget.Filterable;
import android.widget.ListAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.fjzzy.pzc.enity.DateBean;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author pzc
 */
public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity {

    List<DateBean> list;
    List<DateBean> updateList;
    ListView listView;
    EditText editText;
    Button btnSelect, btnSelectUp, btnSelectDown, btnSelectTime;
    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
    BaseAdapter adapter;
    String text;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }

    @Override
    protected int getLayout() {
        return R.layout.activity_main;
    }

    @Override
    protected void initView() {
        list = new ArrayList<>();
        updateList = new ArrayList<>();
        listView = findViewById(R.id.list_View);
        //開啟過濾
        listView.setTextFilterEnabled(true);
        editText = findViewById(R.id.edit_select);
        btnSelect = findViewById(R.id.btn_select);
        btnSelectUp = findViewById(R.id.btn_selectUp);
        btnSelectDown = findViewById(R.id.btn_selectDown);
        btnSelectTime = findViewById(R.id.btn_selectTime);
    }

    @Override
    protected void initData() {
        @SuppressLint("SimpleDateFormat") SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy");
        Date date = new Date();
        date.getTime();
        String format = simpleDateFormat.format(date);
        Log.d(TAG, "initData: " + format);
        list.add(new DateBean(1, 22, "2020-11-06", "2020-11-18"));
        list.add(new DateBean(2, 44, "2020-11-02", "2020-11-13"));
        list.add(new DateBean(3, 88, "2020-11-08", "2020-11-14"));
        list.add(new DateBean(4, 66, "2020-11-03", "2020-11-16"));
        list.add(new DateBean(5, 11, "2020-11-05", "2020-11-17"));
        list.add(new DateBean(6, 66, "2020-11-06", "2020-11-12"));
        list.add(new DateBean(7, 33, "2020-11-01", "2020-11-19"));
        adapter = new MyAdapter(list);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void clickEvent() {
        btnSelect.setOnClickListener((v -> {
            text = editText.getText().toString().trim();
            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(text)) {
                //搜索文本為空時，過濾設定
                listView.clearTextFilter();
                text = null;
                runOnUiThread(() -> {
                    listView.setAdapter(new MyAdapter(list));
                });
            } else {
                //設定過濾關鍵字
                listView.setFilterText(text);
            }
        }));
        btnSelectUp.setOnClickListener((v) -> {
            if (text != null) {
                Collections.sort(updateList, new MaxNum());
            } else {
                Collections.sort(list, new MaxNum());
            }
            runOnUiThread(() -> {
                if (text != null) {
                    listView.setAdapter(new MyAdapter(updateList));
                } else {
                    listView.setAdapter(new MyAdapter(list));
                }
            });
        });
        btnSelectDown.setOnClickListener((v) -> {

            if (text != null) {
                Collections.sort(updateList, new MinMum());
            } else {
                Collections.sort(list, new MinMum());
            }
//            Collections.reverse(list);
            runOnUiThread(() -> {
                if (text != null) {
                    listView.setAdapter(new MyAdapter(updateList));
                } else {
                    listView.setAdapter(new MyAdapter(list));
                }
            });
        });
    }

    static class MaxNum implements Comparator {

        @Override
        public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
            DateBean bean = (DateBean) o1;
            DateBean thisBean = (DateBean) o2;
            return Integer.compare(bean.getId() & bean.getNum(), thisBean.getId() & thisBean.getNum());
        }
    }

    static class MinMum implements Comparator {

        @Override
        public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
            DateBean bean = (DateBean) o1;
            DateBean thisBean = (DateBean) o2;
            return Integer.compare(thisBean.getNum(), bean.getNum());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {

    }

    class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter implements Filterable {

        public MyAdapter(List<DateBean> data) {
            this.data = data;
            backData = data;
        }

        List<DateBean> data; //這個資料是會改變的，所以要有個變數來備份一下原始資料
        List<DateBean> backData;//用來備份原始資料
        MyFilter mFilter;

        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            return data.size();
        }

        @Override
        public Object getItem(int position) {
            return data.get(position);
        }

        @Override
        public long getItemId(int position) {
            return 0;
        }

        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            @SuppressLint("ViewHolder")
            View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.item_list, null);
            ViewHolder viewHolder = new ViewHolder(view);
            viewHolder.tvId.setText(String.valueOf(data.get(position).getId()));
            viewHolder.tvNum.setText(String.valueOf(data.get(position).getNum()));
            viewHolder.tvsTime.setText(String.valueOf(data.get(position).getStartTime()));
            viewHolder.tveTime.setText(String.valueOf(data.get(position).getEndTime()));
            return view;
        }

        @Override
        public Filter getFilter() {
            if (mFilter == null) {
                mFilter = new MyFilter();
            }
            return mFilter;
        }

        class ViewHolder {
            TextView tvId, tvNum, tvsTime, tveTime;
            View rootView;

            public ViewHolder(View rootView) {
                this.rootView = rootView;
                tvId = rootView.findViewById(R.id.tv_id);
                tvNum = rootView.findViewById(R.id.tv_num);
                tvsTime = rootView.findViewById(R.id.tv_startTime);
                tveTime = rootView.findViewById(R.id.tv_endTime);
            }
        }

        class MyFilter extends Filter {

            @Override
            protected FilterResults performFiltering(CharSequence constraint) {
                FilterResults result = new FilterResults();
                List<DateBean> list;
                if (TextUtils.isEmpty(constraint)) {//當過濾的關鍵字為空的時候，我們則顯示所有的資料
                    list = backData;
                } else {//否則把符合條件的資料物件添加到集合中
                    list = new ArrayList<>();
                    for (DateBean str : backData) {
                        if (str.getStartTime().contains(constraint) || str.getEndTime().contains(constraint)) {
                            Log.d(TAG, "performFiltering:" + str.toString());
                            list.add(str);
                        }

                    }
                }

                result.values = list; //將得到的集合保存到FilterResults的value變數中
                result.count = list.size();//將集合的大小保存到FilterResults的count變數中

                return result;
            }

            @Override
            protected void publishResults(CharSequence constraint, FilterResults results) {
                data = (List<DateBean>) results.values;
                updateList = data;
                Log.d(TAG, "publishResults:" + results.count);
                if (results.count > 0) {
                    notifyDataSetChanged();
                    Log.d(TAG, "資料發生了改變");
                } else {
                    notifyDataSetInvalidated();
                    Log.d(TAG, "資料失效");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

四、用獨特的Activity玩Android

BaseActivity

package com.fjzzy.pzc;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar;

/**
 * @author pzc
 */
public abstract class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    public void initToolBar(TextView textView, Toolbar toolbar, boolean homeAsUpEnabled, String title) {
        textView.setText(title);
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
        getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(homeAsUpEnabled);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
        if (item.getItemId() == android.R.id.home) {
            finish();
            return true;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(getLayout());
        initView();
        initData();
        clickEvent();
    }

    //fragment逐個退出
    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        int count = getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount();
        if (count == 0) {
            super.onBackPressed();
        } else {
            getSupportFragmentManager().popBackStack();
        }
    }

    protected abstract int getLayout();

    protected abstract void initView();

    protected abstract void initData();

    protected abstract void clickEvent();
}

五、插件如何讓Android與代碼愛不釋手

1.Alibaba Java coding Guidelines

阿里巴巴Java開發手冊

2.OK, Gradle!

添加插件的利器

3.Rainbow Brackets

彩虹括號

4.activate-power-mode

IDEA的花式輸入

去掉煩人的字母

5.GsonFormat

直接把json資料轉換為物體類

六、對輕量級資料存盤進行封裝

package com.fjzzy.pzc.utils;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;

/**
 * @author pzc
 * context 背景關系
 * shared 輕量級資料存盤
 * fileName 檔案名
 * key,data key,unData 鍵值對
 * isSave 不存則讀
 */
public class SharedUtils {
    public static String shared(Context context,String fileName,String key,String data,String unData,boolean isSave){
        SharedPreferences preferences=context.getSharedPreferences(fileName,Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
        if (isSave){
            preferences.edit().putString(key, data).apply();
            return "save success";
        }else {
            return preferences.getString(key,unData);
        }
    }
}

七、如何搭建一個Fluutter專案

1.獲取Flutter SDK

2.安裝Flutter SDK

（1）載好的檔案博主放在的是E盤

（2）載好后會多出如下檔案

3.AS安裝Flutter插件

4.配置環境變數

（1）編輯用戶變數

FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL
https://storage.flutter-io.cn
PUB_HOSTED_URL
https://pub.flutter-io.cn

（2）編輯系統變數

E:\Flutter\flutter-1.24.0-10.2.pre\bin
E:\Flutter\flutter-1.24.0-10.2.pre\bin\cache\dart-sdk\bin
E:\Git\cmd
E:\Git\bin
E:\Git\mingw64\libexec\git-core

5.安裝Flutter

Win鍵+R
輸入cmd

6.創建Flutter專案

總結

提示：把以前的開發經驗整理分享出來，希望大家多多支持、指正呀！

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