Android中 呼叫系統攝像機&&回呼上傳（AndroidX庫）

前言：關于Android呼叫系統攝像，在Android6版本之后需要引導添加系統權限，Android8版本后需要添加檔案讀取

1.避雷提醒

1. 在使用AndoridX庫之后，support庫會自動失效！
   
   AndroidX庫中，v7庫會自動失效，是源自于support失效！
   

解決方案：遷移庫（耗時、費力、耗資源）

2. 配置引導添加權限（在Android6以后便有了）

    private final int CODE_REQUEST_ALL_PERMISSIONS = 0x10;
    static final int RequestCode=1;
    private final String[] requestPermissions = {
            Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO,
            Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
            Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
            Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
    };

   private void applyAllNeedPermissions() {
        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            // 一次性申請需要的所有權限
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, requestPermissions, CODE_REQUEST_ALL_PERMISSIONS);
        }
    }

3. 檔案讀取需要使用FileProvider！！（包名.fileprovider）

開啟攝像機之前需要配置，否則空指標！

   Intent intent=new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
                //呼叫照相機
                String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/recordVideo/testSys.mp4";
                  // 將路徑轉換為Uri物件
                Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File(filePath)); 
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_VIDEO_QUALITY, 0);
                 // 表示錄制完后保存的錄制，如果不寫，則會保存到默認的路徑，在onActivityResult()的回呼，通過intent.getData中回傳保存的路徑
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, uri);   
                String photoName = "${System.currentTimeMillis()}.mp4";

                File picture = new File(filePath,photoName);
                //注意這里是包名
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, FileProvider.getUriForFile(this,"fatcats.top.yunqiang.fileprovider",picture));

                startActivityForResult(intent,RequestCode);

例外如下：

• 回呼接收（兩種方法任選其一）

 @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        if (requestCode==RequestCode) {
            if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                //1.獲取查詢視頻檔案路徑的Uri 可以直接獲取到uri，再通過播放器直接播放
               Uri uriss = data.getData();
                Uri uri = data.getData();
                //2.通過Content Provider查詢包含視頻檔案路徑的記錄
                Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);
                if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                    //獲取視頻檔案路徑
                    videoPath = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("_data"));
                    Log.d(TAG, videoPath);
                }
            }
        }
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode,resultCode,data);
    }

• 主組態檔配置FileProvider

        <provider
            android:authorities="fatcats.top.yunqiang.fileprovider"
            android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true"
            >
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/file_paths"/>
        </provider>

• xml組態檔

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
		    <paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
		    <external-path path="." name="external_path_root"/>
</paths>

2.具體實作

• 完整java代碼實作

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.MediaController;
import android.widget.VideoView;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.FileProvider;

import java.io.File;


public class MediaRec extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    private static final String TAG = "MediaRec ";
    private final int CODE_REQUEST_ALL_PERMISSIONS = 0x10;
    static final int RequestCode=1;
    String videoPath;
    private final String[] requestPermissions = {
            Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO,
            Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
            Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
            Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.rec_camer);

        applyAllNeedPermissions();

        videoPath="";
    }

    private void applyAllNeedPermissions() {
        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            // 一次性申請需要的所有權限
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, requestPermissions, CODE_REQUEST_ALL_PERMISSIONS);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){    
            case R.id.camer:
                Intent intent=new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
                //呼叫照相機
                String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/recordVideo/testSys.mp4";
                Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File(filePath));   // 將路徑轉換為Uri物件
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_VIDEO_QUALITY, 0);
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, uri);    // 表示錄制完后保存的錄制，如果不寫，則會保存到默認的路徑，在onActivityResult()的回呼，通過intent.getData中回傳保存的路徑
                String photoName = "${System.currentTimeMillis()}.mp4";

                File picture = new File(filePath,photoName);
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, FileProvider.getUriForFile(this,"fatcats.top.yunqiang.fileprovider",picture));

                startActivityForResult(intent,RequestCode);
                break;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        if (requestCode==RequestCode) {
            if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                //1.獲取查詢視頻檔案路徑的Uri
               Uri uriss = data.getData();
                Uri uri = data.getData();
                //2.通過Content Provider查詢包含視頻檔案路徑的記錄
                Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);
                if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                    //獲取視頻檔案路徑
                    videoPath = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("_data"));
                    Log.d(TAG, videoPath);
                }
            }
        }
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode,resultCode,data);
    }
}

• 主組態檔

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:dist="http://schemas.android.com/apk/distribution"
    package="fatcats.top.yunqiang">
    <dist:module dist:instant="true" />
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:hardwareAccelerated="false"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <provider
            android:authorities="fatcats.top.yunqiang.fileprovider"
            android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true"
            >
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/file_paths"/>
        </provider>
    </application>

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <!-- 授予該程式錄制聲音的權限 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
    <!-- 授予該程式使用攝像頭的權限 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS" />
    <!-- 授予使用外部存盤的權限 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"></uses-permission>
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera2"></uses-feature>

</manifest>

好了，這里是基本的實作了