我想要的f2不是它本身，而是f1在執行時完全使用命令結束父函式。我知道這return用于結束一個函式，但它在子級別上不起作用。
所以我的問題是這些命令（或行集）是什么以及如何在我的代碼中實作它們？這里的示例片段：
def f1:
do something
def f2:
do something
# need a command here
f2()
do something
f1()
值得注意的是，代碼while True:在停止函式時要運行一個回圈。我使用 tkinter 庫按鈕來執行子函式（這意味著子函式無法將值回傳給變數），但無法從該組代碼中結束主函式。
這是 tkinter 代碼：
tk.Button(root, text='Click me', command=f2)
這里command = f2在 tk.Button 被按下時執行 f2() ，但沒有在任何地方回傳值。可能可以在 f2 中使用區域或全域變數標志...
從內部函式退出最外部函式的方法？ -- 這不能解決我的問題，因為我不能在我的代碼中定義類或錯誤。還有另一種方法嗎？
編輯：我想我無法正確傳達我面臨的問題。
在這一點上它只是一團糟??
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox as msgbox
from PIL import ImageTk
lst = []
cnt = 0
black = '#xxx' % (50, 50, 50)
white = '#xxx' % (240, 240, 240)
red = '#xxx' % (255, 80, 80)
yellow = '#xxx' % (255, 220, 80)
green = '#xxx' % (120, 255, 150)
blue = '#xxx' % (0, 220, 240)
purple = '#xxx' % (120, 80, 255)
window_icon = 'icon.jpg'
######## Non-iterables ########
def set_root():
global root
root = tk.Tk() # create only one instance for Tk()
root.withdraw()
def root_attributes():
root.iconphoto(True, ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=window_icon))
root.attributes("-topmost", True)
#################################
def root_win():
global cnt
cnt = 1
set_root()
if cnt == 1:
root_attributes()
global lst
root.deiconify()
w_root = 500
h_root = 320
pos_right = round(root.winfo_screenwidth() / 2 - w_root / 2)
pos_down = round(root.winfo_screenheight() / 2 - h_root / 2)
root.title('Enter the values')
root.resizable(width=False, height=False)
root.geometry('{}x{} {} {}'.format(w_root, h_root, pos_right, pos_down))
root.configure(bg=white)
tk.Label(root, text='Enter the values', font=('bold', 30), bg=white, fg=black).place(x=70, y=20)
tk.Label(root, text='Enter width here:', font=('bold', 15), bg=white, fg=black).place(x=50, y=100)
tk.Label(root, text='Enter height here:', font=('bold', 15), bg=white, fg=black).place(x=50, y=140)
val1 = tk.Entry(root, bd=0, font=('bold', 15))
val1.place(x=280, y=102, width=170)
val2 = tk.Entry(root, bd=0, font=('bold', 15))
val2.place(x=280, y=142, width=170)
lbl = tk.Label(root, text='Min: 5, Max: 100', font=('bold', 15), bg=white, fg=purple)
lbl.place(x=170, y=260)
def enter():
global lst
if val1.get() == '' and val2.get() == '':
lbl.config(text='Please enter width and height!')
lbl.place(x=80, y=260)
elif val1.get() == '':
lbl.config(text='Please enter a width!')
lbl.place(x=145, y=260)
elif val2.get() == '':
lbl.config(text='Please enter a height!')
lbl.place(x=140, y=260)
else:
wid, hit = 0, 0
try:
wid = round(float(val1.get()))
hit = round(float(val2.get()))
except:
lbl.config(text='Please enter value from 5 to 100!')
lbl.place(x=70, y=260)
if not 5 <= wid <= 100 or not 5 <= hit <= 100:
lbl.config(text='Please enter value from 5 to 100!')
lbl.place(x=70, y=260)
else:
lbl.config(text='INPUT ACCEPTED !!!!')
lbl.place(x=130, y=260)
lst = [wid, hit]
root.deiconify()
def clr():
val1.delete(0, 'end')
val2.delete(0, 'end')
lbl.config(text='Min: 5, Max: 100')
lbl.place(x=170, y=260)
enter = tk.Button(root, text='Enter', font=('bold', 15), bd=0, fg=black, bg=green, activebackground=blue,
command=enter)
enter.place(x=300, y=200)
enter.configure(width=8)
clear = tk.Button(root, text='Clear', font=('bold', 15), bd=0, fg=black, bg=red, activebackground=yellow,
command=clr)
clear.place(x=100, y=200)
clear.configure(width=8)
root.mainloop()
# set_root()
root_win()
if not lst:
action = msgbox.askyesno(title='Exit prompt', message='Are you sure you want to exit?\nYes: Exit\nNo: Restart\n',
icon='warning', default='no')
if not action: # Returns True or False
root_win()
else:
quit()
print(lst)
I expect the code to form a GUI for input of 2 values, and if the values do not meet requirements, it should continue GUI interface untill requirements are met. Also, if user closes the GUI in between, there should be a confirm dialogue box to exit or restart "global function". Thing is, root.destroy() help exit global function but some lines are not iterable, like iconphoto. It gives an error.
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
一種方法是從 引發例外f2，然后捕獲該例外f1，然后提前回傳：
def f1():
# do something
def f2():
print('Hello')
# need a command here
raise StopIteration()
print('World!')
try:
f2()
except StopIteration:
return
print('World')
# do something
f1()
輸出：
Hello
我不確定你在哪里定義while提到的回圈。如果它f1完全在外部，我會在這樣的回圈本身內委托處理錯誤 - 或者你甚至可以while用 try-except包裝回圈，除非絕對需要。如果您采用后一種方法，我建議創建一個自定義例外類，然后捕獲該特定錯誤；通過這種方式，您可以確保您只處理f2例如從內部引發的錯誤。
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
我有幾種方法可以解決這個問題——這取決于問題的復雜性。
可以像這樣實作簡單的計算：
def foo(*args,**kwargs):
bar = lambda ... : ...
do something
final = bar(x)
return final
foo()
如果函式增加了復雜性，那么使用類（或取決于復雜性的類）是有意義的，如下所示：
class thing_youre_classifying(object):
def __init__(self):
...
def __any_other_boilerplate_methods_needed__(self):
...
def foo(self):
do something
def bar(self):
do something
x = f1()
thing = thing_youre_classifying()
thing.bar()
這主要是為了可讀性（可能還有其他重要的事情）。
或者，如果foo和bar非常不同（比如foo你正在決議一個資料庫并且bar你正在做統計分析），你會想要檢查類繼承。
class foo(object):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
initialize each instance of foo with args and kwargs
class bar(foo):
def __init__(self):
foo.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
instance = bar()
instance.foo()
我想指出的是，我沒有包含*args或**kwargsinbar的樣板 init 函式。這也可能強調的區別foo和bar。
想到的最后一件事是使用裝飾器。
“裝飾器的主要用途之一是它們允許我們向現有函式添加功能，而無需修改原始函式。此功能也擴展到類方法。” ——匿名教授
def foo():
def modifier():
return foo.method_you_want()
return modifier
@foo
def bar():
do something
我的直覺告訴我裝飾器將是最干凈的方式來做到這一點。
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
沒關系伙計們，我找到了我需要的解決方案：
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox as msgbox
from PIL import ImageTk
lst = []
black = '#xxx' % (50, 50, 50)
white = '#xxx' % (240, 240, 240)
red = '#xxx' % (255, 80, 80)
yellow = '#xxx' % (255, 220, 80)
green = '#xxx' % (120, 255, 150)
blue = '#xxx' % (0, 220, 240)
purple = '#xxx' % (120, 80, 255)
window_icon = 'icon.jpg'
def root_win():
global lst
root = tk.Tk() # create only one instance for Tk()
w_root = 500
h_root = 320
pos_right = round(root.winfo_screenwidth() / 2 - w_root / 2)
pos_down = round(root.winfo_screenheight() / 2 - h_root / 2)
root.iconphoto(True, ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=window_icon))
root.attributes("-topmost", True)
root.title('Enter the values')
root.resizable(width=False, height=False)
root.geometry('{}x{} {} {}'.format(w_root, h_root, pos_right, pos_down))
root.configure(bg=white)
tk.Label(root, text='Enter the values', font=('bold', 30), bg=white, fg=black).place(x=70, y=20)
tk.Label(root, text='Enter width here:', font=('bold', 15), bg=white, fg=black).place(x=50, y=100)
tk.Label(root, text='Enter height here:', font=('bold', 15), bg=white, fg=black).place(x=50, y=140)
val1 = tk.Entry(root, bd=0, font=('bold', 15))
val1.place(x=280, y=102, width=170)
val2 = tk.Entry(root, bd=0, font=('bold', 15))
val2.place(x=280, y=142, width=170)
lbl = tk.Label(root, text='Min: 5, Max: 100', font=('bold', 15), bg=white, fg=purple)
lbl.place(x=170, y=260)
def enter():
global lst
if val1.get() == '' and val2.get() == '':
lbl.config(text='Please enter width and height!')
lbl.place(x=80, y=260)
elif val1.get() == '':
lbl.config(text='Please enter a width!')
lbl.place(x=145, y=260)
elif val2.get() == '':
lbl.config(text='Please enter a height!')
lbl.place(x=140, y=260)
else:
wid, hit = 0, 0
try:
wid = round(float(val1.get()))
hit = round(float(val2.get()))
except:
pass
if not 5 <= wid <= 100 or not 5 <= hit <= 100:
lbl.config(text='Please enter value from 5 to 100!')
lbl.place(x=70, y=260)
else:
# lbl.config(text='INPUT ACCEPTED !!!!')
# lbl.place(x=130, y=260)
lst = [wid, hit]
root.destroy()
def clr():
val1.delete(0, 'end')
val2.delete(0, 'end')
lbl.config(text='Min: 5, Max: 100')
lbl.place(x=170, y=260)
def closing():
if msgbox.askyesno(title='Exit prompt', message='Are you sure you want to exit?',
icon='warning', default='no'):
root.destroy()
print('Have a nice day!')
quit()
ext = tk.Button(root, text='Cancel', font=('bold', 15), bd=0, fg=black, bg=red, activebackground=yellow,
command=closing)
ext.place(x=60, y=200)
ext.configure(width=7)
clear = tk.Button(root, text='Clear', font=('bold', 15), bd=0, fg=black, bg=yellow, activebackground=red,
command=clr)
clear.place(x=200, y=200)
clear.configure(width=7)
enter = tk.Button(root, text='Enter', font=('bold', 15), bd=0, fg=black, bg=green, activebackground=blue,
command=enter)
enter.place(x=340, y=200)
enter.configure(width=7)
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", closing)
root.mainloop()
root_win()
print(lst)
關鍵是這個行集：
def closing():
if msgbox.askyesno(title='Exit prompt', message='Are you sure you want to exit?',
icon='warning', default='no'):
root.destroy()
print('Have a nice day!')
quit()
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