Android開發中,Binder是一種跨行程通信方式,而使用AIDL可以實作Binder的作業,
如何使用它是了解它的第一步,本文章主要記錄使用Binder的一些步驟,(代碼思路參考《Android開發藝術探索》任玉剛 著)
1.創建兩個activity
兩個activity(OneActivity、TwoActivity),將OneActivity假設為服務端,TwoActivity假設為客戶端,分別運行在不同行程中
在AndroidManifest.xml中,為TwoActivity設定行程,這樣兩個activity就分別運行在不同的行程中了
<activity android:name=".TwoActivity" android:process=":test"/>
2. 創建AIDL檔案
在AIDL檔案中宣告客戶端想要呼叫服務端的方法
interface IInfManager {
/**
* Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
* and return values in AIDL.
*/
void setName(String name);
String getName();
}
AIDL檔案宣告完,activity等檔案并不能呼叫到IInfManager介面,需要在app的build.gradle檔案中的android{}中添加
sourceSets{
main{
java.srcDirs = ['src/main/java', 'src/main/aidl']
}
}
然后點擊sync now按鈕,activity檔案就可以呼叫到IInfManager介面了,可以在app\build\generated\source\aidl\debug檔案下找到自動生成的IInfManager.java檔案,
3.創建Service
Service中創建Binder物件,在onBind方法中回傳這個物件,Binder物件中具體實作了IInfManager介面中的方法,Service需要在AndroidManifest.xml中注冊,
public class InfManageService extends Service{
private String name;
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
name = intent.getStringExtra("name");
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return binder;
}
private Binder binder = new IInfManager.Stub() {
@Override
public void setName(String mName) throws RemoteException {
name = mName;
}
@Override
public String getName() throws RemoteException {
return name;
}
};
}
4.服務端OneActivity
OneActivity中設定按鈕跳轉至TwoActivity,這里為了簡單,使用startService可以為InfManageService中name變數初始化"zhangsan"的值,也可以與客戶端TwoActivity中一樣,系結service,建立連接,來設定name的值(具體參考下一步客戶端的用法),
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_one);
Intent intent = new Intent(OneActivity.this, InfManageService.class);
intent.putExtra("name", "zhangsan");
startService(intent);
btn_one_gototwo = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_one_gototwo);
btn_one_gototwo.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent(OneActivity.this, TwoActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
5.客戶端TwoActivity
首先系結InfManageService服務,建立連接,連接成功后通過回傳的IBinder物件可以獲得IInfManager介面,可以通過這個介面去使用服務端的方法,
private TextView tv_two_name;
private Button btn_two_change;
private IInfManager iInfManager;
private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
iInfManager = IInfManager.Stub.asInterface(service);
try {
tv_two_name.setText(iInfManager.getName());
Log.i("TwoActivity","first:" + iInfManager.getName());
iInfManager.setName("lisi");
Log.i("TwoActivity","next:" + iInfManager.getName());
}catch (RemoteException e){
}
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_two);
tv_two_name = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_two_name);
btn_two_change = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_two_change);
Intent intent = new Intent(TwoActivity.this, InfManageService.class);
bindService(intent, connection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
btn_two_change.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
try {
iInfManager.setName("wangmazi");
tv_two_name.setText(iInfManager.getName());
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unbindService(connection);
}
上面代碼onServiceConnected方法中,首先在TwoActivity界面中顯示了服務端的name變數內容"zhangsan"
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標籤:Android
