該專案背后的想法是最終洗掉“測驗”變數并利用來自傳感器的真實資料。測驗環境有效，但現在我希望能夠使用真實資料。
兩個資料點（從 1 到 100 的整數）用作輸入：土壤濕度和降雨機會。
底線：我只想輸入兩個數字并獲得模型對要采取的行動的最佳預測（如果可能，還有置信度百分比）。
但是，在嘗試進行預測時出現錯誤。
我嘗試過的事情：
pred = dqn.model.predict(np.array([30, 30]))
ValueError: Error when checking input: expected flatten_input to have 3 dimensions, but got array with shape (2, 1)
pred = dqn.model.predict(np.expand_dims(np.array([30, 30]), axis=0))
ValueError: Error when checking input: expected flatten_input to have 3 dimensions, but got array with shape (1, 2)
我看到其他一些執行緒提到了重塑，但我對這個專案有點精疲力盡，不確定這是否是解決方案。
為了更快地測驗，我降低了一些變數，但在這里。這是我當前的代碼：
import os
import random
from abc import ABC
import numpy as np
from gym import Env
from gym.spaces import Discrete, Box
from rl.agents import DQNAgent
from rl.memory import SequentialMemory
from rl.policy import BoltzmannQPolicy
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense, Flatten
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.keras.optimizers import Adam
os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = '2'
# Step per episode
steps = 10000
# Number of episodes
episodes = 100
# Score requirement per episode
# Used for stats and to filter training data
score_requirement = 1000
# Creates a Model that emulates a Markov Decision Process
# Finite process -> steps
# Rewards for watering well and punishes for watering bad
# Action -> Observation -> Reward
class PlantEnv(Env, ABC):
def __init__(self):
# Actions = water: 0=(none), 1=(3 seconds), 2=(4 seconds), 3=(5 seconds), 4=(6 seconds)
self.action_space = Discrete(5)
# Starting Moisture
moisture = 20 random.randint(-10, 10)
# Starting Chance of Rain
chance_of_rain = 50 random.randint(-50, 50)
# Observations
self.observation_space = Box(low=np.array([0, 0]), high=np.array([100, 100]), dtype=np.int)
self.state = moisture, chance_of_rain
# Number of water steps left
self.water_length = steps
def step(self, action):
# Action section
water = 0
if action == 1:
water = 2
elif action == 2:
water = 3
elif action == 3:
water = 4
elif action == 4:
water = 5
# Retrieve previous state
moisture, chance_of_rain = self.state
# The lower/higher this is, greatly affects the scoring
# 5 or 6 is the best with this setup
moisture = (water * 5)
self.water_length -= 1
# Reward Section
reward = 0
if 40 <= moisture <= 60:
reward = 2
# If moisture is dry or wet
elif 60 < moisture <= 80 or 20 <= moisture < 40:
reward = 1
# If moisture is really dry or really wet
elif 80 < moisture <= 100 or 0 <= moisture < 20:
reward = -1
# If moisture is really dry or really wet
elif 100 < moisture or moisture < 0:
reward = -2
# Check if shower is done
if self.water_length <= 0:
done = True
else:
done = False
# Apply noise to test program
# Simulate real-life conditions: evaporation, water loss, rain
# Not used in final program
moistureLoss = random.randint(15, 25)
moisture -= moistureLoss
# Simulate chance of rain
chance_of_rain = 50 random.randint(-50, 50)
xfactor = chance_of_rain random.randint(-50, 50)
if xfactor > 100:
moisture = (10 random.randint(0, 15))
# Set placeholder for info
info = {}
# Save current state
self.state = moisture, chance_of_rain
# Return step information
return self.state, reward, done, info
def reset(self):
# Reset test environment
# Set starting moisture
moisture = 50 random.randint(-10, 10)
# Set starting chance of rain array
chance_of_rain = 50 random.randint(-50, 50)
self.state = moisture, chance_of_rain
# Reset Test time
self.water_length = steps
return self.state
# # Builds a model using previously defined states and actions
# def build_model():
# inputs = Input(shape=(1, 2), name="input")
# inputsF = Flatten()(inputs)
# common = Dense(24, activation="relu", name="state")(inputsF)
# action = Dense(5, activation="softmax", name="action")(common)
# critic = Dense(1, name="output")(common)
# model = keras.Model(inputs=inputs, outputs=[action, critic])
# return model
# Build Model
def build_model():
model = Sequential()
model.add(Flatten(input_shape=(1, 2)))
model.add(Dense(24, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dense(48, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dense(5, activation='linear'))
return model
# Build Agent
def build_agent(model):
policy = BoltzmannQPolicy()
memory = SequentialMemory(limit=1000, window_length=1)
dqn = DQNAgent(model=model, memory=memory, policy=policy, nb_actions=5,
nb_steps_warmup=50, target_model_update=1e-3)
return dqn
# Build Deep-Q-Network
def build_dqn(dqn):
dqn.compile(Adam(learning_rate=1e-3), metrics=['mae', 'accuracy'])
dqn.fit(env, nb_steps=2000, visualize=False, verbose=1)
return dqn
# Create environment
env = PlantEnv()
# Store data to show scoring stats and to use for training.
accepted_scores = []
training_data = []
scores = []
good_episodes = 0
# Create episodes and initiate simulation
for episode in range(1, episodes 1):
observation = env.reset()
done = False
score = 0
history = []
prev_observation = []
# Print starting moisture to compare to ending moisture
# print("Start Moisture: {}%".format(observation[0]))
while not done:
action = env.action_space.sample()
# Force action override for plant protection
if observation[0] > 100:
action = 0
elif observation[0] < 0:
action = 4
observation, reward, done, info = env.step(action)
score = reward
if len(prev_observation) > 0:
history.append([prev_observation, action])
prev_observation = observation
# # Print ending moisture to compare to starting moisture
# # Then print Episode number and score
# print("End Moisture : {}%".format(observation[0]))
# print('Episode: {} Score:{}\n'.format(episode, score))
# Gather scores for episodes scoring above requirement
if score >= score_requirement:
good_episodes = 1
accepted_scores.append(score)
for data in history:
if data[1] == 1:
output = [1]
else:
output = [0]
training_data.append([data[0], output])
scores.append(score)
# Print number of episodes above score requirement
if len(accepted_scores) > 0:
print("Average accepted score: ", np.mean(accepted_scores))
print("Median accepted score : ", np.median(accepted_scores))
print("Episodes above accepted score of {}: {}/{}\n".format(score_requirement, good_episodes, episodes))
# Build Model and print summary
model = build_model()
model.summary()
# # Save Model
# model.save('./testModel1', overwrite=True)
# print("Model saved.")
dqn = build_agent(model)
dqn = build_dqn(dqn)
scores = dqn.test(env, nb_episodes=1, visualize=False)
print(np.mean(scores.history['episode_reward']))
pred = dqn.model.predict(np.expand_dims(np.array([30, 30]), axis=0))
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
確保您對模型的輸入具有正確的形狀。它需要一個 3D 張量，其中第一個維度是批量大小。嘗試這個：
test_array = np.random.random((1, 1, 2))
print('Test array --> ', test_array)
print('Predictions --> ', dqn.model.predict(test_array))
Test array --> [[[0.4636345 0.18498545]]]
Predictions --> [[-0.01383634 0.006188 0.03987967 0.03497294 0.02642388]]
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