藍牙通信步驟

具體步驟

1，首先開啟藍牙
2、搜索可用設備
3、創建藍牙socket，獲取輸入輸出流
4、讀取和寫入資料
5、斷開連接關閉藍牙

程序圖及其文字描述

1.執行oncreate方法打開藍牙，不需要經過用戶的同意;
2.通過注冊廣播接收器獲取搜索到的藍牙設備，在串列上顯示搜索到的設備;
3.點擊所顯示的設備調連接藍牙的代碼請求連接!
4.連接具體解釋，連接時和socket聊天的方式近似；
5在此做出假設;假設藍牙設備A向藍牙設備B發送一串文字;首先呼叫相關的藍牙連接代碼建立連接;
6獲取輸出流通過socket發送資料到另外—個藍牙設備;需要設定發送時的ID∶定義類似埠型別的;
7.接收端設備B需要獲取輸入流讀取藍牙設備A發送過來的訊息;然后在界面上顯示;

藍牙通信原理

首先要知道幾個類
BluetoothAdapter：代表本地藍牙配接器（藍牙無線電），BluetoothAdapter是所有藍牙互動的入口，使用這個你可以發現其他藍牙設備，查詢已配對的設備串列，使用一個已知的MAC地址來實體化一個BluetoothDevice，以及創建一個BluetoothServerSocket來為監聽與其他設備的通信，
BluetoothGatt：BluetoothGatt作為中央來使用和處理資料，使用時有一個回呼方法BluetoothGattCallback回傳中央的狀態和周邊提供的資料
BluetoothDevice：代表一個遠程藍牙設備，使用這個來請求一個與遠程設備的BluetoothSocket連接，或者查詢關于設備名稱、地址、類和連接狀態等設備資訊，
BluetoothCattService：BluetoothCattService作為周邊來提供資料
BluetoothCattCharacteristic：BluetoothCattCharacteristic是藍牙設備的特征
BluetoothGattServerCallback：BluetoothGattServerCallback回傳周邊的狀態

藍牙客戶端socket作業步驟

1、創建客戶端藍牙Sokcet
2、創建連接
3、讀寫資料
4、關閉

藍牙服務端socket作業步驟

1、創建服務端藍牙Socket
2、系結埠號（藍牙忽略）
3、創建監聽listen（藍牙忽略, 藍牙沒有此監聽，而是通過whlie（true）死回圈來一直監聽的）
4、通過accept()，如果有客戶端連接，會創建一個新的Socket，體現出并發性，可以同時與多個socket通訊）
5、讀寫資料
6、關閉

Android Studio實作

配置權限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" />

狀態描述文本及配色

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <string name="app_name">MyBluetooth</string>
    <string name="send">發送</string>
    <string name="not_connected">你沒有鏈接一個設備</string>
    <string name="bt_not_enabled_leaving">藍牙不可用，離開聊天室</string>
    <string name="title_connecting">鏈接中...</string>
    <string name="title_connected_to">連接到：</string>
    <string name="title_not_connected">無鏈接</string>
    <string name="scanning">藍牙設備搜索中...</string>
    <string name="select_device">選擇一個好友鏈接</string>
    <string name="none_paired">沒有配對好友</string>
    <string name="none_found">附近沒有發現好友</string>
    <string name="title_paired_devices">已配對好友</string>
    <string name="title_other_devices">其它可連接好友</string>
    <string name="button_scan">搜索好友</string>
    <string name="connect">我的好友</string>
    <string name="discoverable">設定在線</string>
    <string name="back">退出</string>
    <string name="startVideo">開始聊天</string>
    <string name="stopVideo">結束聊天</string>
</resources>

藍牙服務

public class ChatService {
    //本應用的主Activity組件名稱
    private static final String NAME = "BluetoothChat";
    // UUID：通用唯一識別碼,是一個128位長的數字，一般用十六進制表示
    //演算法的核心思想是結合機器的網卡、當地時間、一個亂數來生成
    //在創建藍牙連接
    private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66");
    private final BluetoothAdapter mAdapter;
    private final Handler mHandler;
    private AcceptThread mAcceptThread;
    private ConnectThread mConnectThread;
    private ConnectedThread mConnectedThread;
    private int mState;
    public static final int STATE_NONE = 0;
    public static final int STATE_LISTEN = 1;
    public static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 2;
    public static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 3;

    //構造方法，接收UI主執行緒傳遞的物件
    public ChatService(Context context, Handler handler) {
        //構造方法完成藍牙物件的創建
        mAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        mState = STATE_NONE;
        mHandler = handler;
    }

    private synchronized void setState(int state) {
        mState = state;
        mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE, state, -1).sendToTarget();
    }

    public synchronized int getState() {
        return mState;
    }

    public synchronized void start() {
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread == null) {
            mAcceptThread = new AcceptThread();
            mAcceptThread.start();
        }
        setState(STATE_LISTEN);
    }

    //取消 CONNECTING 和 CONNECTED 狀態下的相關執行緒，然后運行新的 mConnectThread 執行緒
    public synchronized void connect(BluetoothDevice device) {
        if (mState == STATE_CONNECTING) {
            if (mConnectThread != null) {
                mConnectThread.cancel();
                mConnectThread = null;
            }
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        mConnectThread = new ConnectThread(device);
        mConnectThread.start();
        setState(STATE_CONNECTING);
    }

    /*
        開啟一個 ConnectedThread 來管理對應的當前連接，之前先取消任意現存的 mConnectThread 、
        mConnectedThread 、 mAcceptThread 執行緒，然后開啟新 mConnectedThread ，傳入當前剛剛接受的
        socket 連接，最后通過 Handler來通知UI連接
     */
    public synchronized void connected(BluetoothSocket socket, BluetoothDevice device) {
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread != null) {
            mAcceptThread.cancel();
            mAcceptThread = null;
        }
        mConnectedThread = new ConnectedThread(socket);
        mConnectedThread.start();
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME);
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.DEVICE_NAME, device.getName());
        msg.setData(bundle);
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
        setState(STATE_CONNECTED);
    }

    // 停止所有相關執行緒，設當前狀態為 NONE
    public synchronized void stop() {
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread != null) {
            mAcceptThread.cancel();
            mAcceptThread = null;
        }
        setState(STATE_NONE);
    }

    // 在 STATE_CONNECTED 狀態下，呼叫 mConnectedThread 里的 write 方法，寫入 byte
    public void write(byte[] out) {
        ConnectedThread r;
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mState != STATE_CONNECTED)
                return;
            r = mConnectedThread;
        }
        r.write(out);
    }

    // 連接失敗的時候處理，通知 ui ，并設為 STATE_LISTEN 狀態
    private void connectionFailed() {
        setState(STATE_LISTEN);
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_TOAST);
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.TOAST, "鏈接不到設備");
        msg.setData(bundle);
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    // 當連接失去的時候，設為 STATE_LISTEN 狀態并通知 ui
    private void connectionLost() {
        setState(STATE_LISTEN);
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_TOAST);
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.TOAST, "設備鏈接中斷");
        msg.setData(bundle);
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    // 創建監聽執行緒，準備接受新連接，使用阻塞方式，呼叫 BluetoothServerSocket.accept()
    private class AcceptThread extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;

        public AcceptThread() {
            BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
            try {
                //使用射頻埠（RF comm）監聽
                tmp = mAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
            mmServerSocket = tmp;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            setName("AcceptThread");
            BluetoothSocket socket = null;
            while (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) {
                try {
                    socket = mmServerSocket.accept();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    break;
                }
                if (socket != null) {
                    synchronized (ChatService.this) {
                        switch (mState) {
                            case STATE_LISTEN:
                            case STATE_CONNECTING:
                                connected(socket, socket.getRemoteDevice());
                                break;
                            case STATE_NONE:
                            case STATE_CONNECTED:
                                try {
                                    socket.close();
                                } catch (IOException e) {
                                    e.printStackTrace();
                                }
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmServerSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /*
        連接執行緒，專門用來對外發出連接對方藍牙的請求和處理流程，
        建構式里通過 BluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord() ，
        從待連接的 device 產生 BluetoothSocket. 然后在 run 方法中 connect ，
        成功后呼叫 BluetoothChatSevice 的 connected() 方法，定義 cancel() 在關閉執行緒時能夠關閉相關socket ，
     */
    private class ConnectThread extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
        private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;

        public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
            mmDevice = device;
            BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
            try {
                tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            mmSocket = tmp;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            setName("ConnectThread");
            mAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            try {
                mmSocket.connect();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                connectionFailed();
                try {
                    mmSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e2) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                ChatService.this.start();
                return;
            }
            synchronized (ChatService.this) {
                mConnectThread = null;
            }
            connected(mmSocket, mmDevice);
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /*
        雙方藍牙連接后一直運行的執行緒；建構式中設定輸入輸出流，
        run()方法中使用阻塞模式的 InputStream.read()回圈讀取輸入流，然后發送到 UI 執行緒中更新聊天訊息，
        本執行緒也提供了 write() 將聊天訊息寫入輸出流傳輸至對方，傳輸成功后回寫入 UI 執行緒，最后使用cancel()關閉連接的 socket
     */
    private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
        private final InputStream mmInStream;
        private final OutputStream mmOutStream;

        public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {
            mmSocket = socket;
            InputStream tmpIn = null;
            OutputStream tmpOut = null;
            try {
                tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
                tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            mmInStream = tmpIn;
            mmOutStream = tmpOut;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bytes;
            while (true) {
                try {
                    bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
                    mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    connectionLost();
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        public void write(byte[] buffer) {
            try {
                mmOutStream.write(buffer);
                mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

設備顯示

public class DeviceList extends AppCompatActivity{
    private BluetoothAdapter mBtAdapter;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> mNewDevicesArrayAdapter;
    public static String EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS = "device_address";  //Mac地址
    //定義廣播接收者，用于處理掃描藍牙設備后的結果
    private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
                    mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
                }
            } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {
                if (mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.getCount() == 0) {
                    String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_found).toString();
                    mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(noDevices);
                }
            }
        }
    };
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.device_list);
        //在被呼叫活動里，設定回傳結果碼
        setResult(Activity.RESULT_CANCELED);
        init();  //活動界面
    }
    private void init() {
        Button scanButton = findViewById(R.id.button_scan);
        scanButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(DeviceList.this, R.string.scanning, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                doDiscovery();  //搜索藍牙設備
            }
        });
        mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.device_name);
        mNewDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.device_name);
        //已配對藍牙設備串列
        ListView pairedListView =findViewById(R.id.paired_devices);
        pairedListView.setAdapter(mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter);
        pairedListView.setOnItemClickListener(mPaireDeviceClickListener);
        //未配對藍牙設備串列
        ListView newDevicesListView = findViewById(R.id.new_devices);
        newDevicesListView.setAdapter(mNewDevicesArrayAdapter);
        newDevicesListView.setOnItemClickListener(mNewDeviceClickListener);
        //動態注冊廣播接收者
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
        filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
        registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
        mBtAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBtAdapter.getBondedDevices();
        if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
            findViewById(R.id.title_paired_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {
                mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
            }
        } else {
            String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_paired).toString();
            mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add(noDevices);
        }
    }
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (mBtAdapter != null) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
        }
        this.unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
    }
    private void doDiscovery() {
        findViewById(R.id.title_new_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        if (mBtAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
        }
        mBtAdapter.startDiscovery();  //開始搜索藍牙設備并產生廣播
        //startDiscovery是一個異步方法
        //找到一個設備時就發送一個BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND的廣播
    }
    private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener mPaireDeviceClickListener = new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            String info = ((TextView) v).getText().toString();
            String address = info.substring(info.length() - 17);
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS, address);  //Mac地址
            setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent);
            finish();
        }
    };
    private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener mNewDeviceClickListener = new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            Toast.makeText(DeviceList.this, "請在藍牙設定界面手動連接設備",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_BLUETOOTH_SETTINGS);
            startActivityForResult(intent,1);
        }
    };
    //回呼方法：進入藍牙配對設定界面回傳后執行
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        init();  //重繪好友串列
    }
}

切換主MainActivity為BluetoothChat

public class BluetoothChat<ChatService> extends AppCompatActivity {
    public static final int MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE = 1;
    public static final int MESSAGE_READ = 2;
    public static final int MESSAGE_WRITE = 3;
    public static final int MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME = 4;
    public static final int MESSAGE_TOAST = 5;
    public static final String DEVICE_NAME = "device_name";
    public static final String TOAST = "toast";
    private static final int REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE = 1;  //請求連接設備
    private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 2;
    private TextView mTitle;
    private ListView mConversationView;
    private EditText mOutEditText;
    private Button mSendButton;
    private String mConnectedDeviceName = null;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> mConversationArrayAdapter;
    private StringBuffer mOutStringBuffer;
    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = null;
    //TODO
    private com.example.mybluetooth.ChatService mChatService = null;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //確認開發環境
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, 1);
            }
        }
        //TODO
        Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        //創建選項選單
        toolbar.inflateMenu(R.menu.option_menu);
        //選項選單監聽
        toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MyMenuItemClickListener());
        mTitle = findViewById(R.id.title_left_text);
        mTitle.setText(R.string.app_name);
        mTitle = findViewById(R.id.title_right_text);
        // 得到本地藍牙配接器
        mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "藍牙不可用", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            finish();
            return;
        }
        if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { //若當前設備藍牙功能未開啟
            Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); //
        } else {
            if (mChatService == null) {
                setupChat();  //創建會話
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (grantResults.length > 0) {
            if (grantResults[0] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "未授權，藍牙搜索功能將不可用！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void onResume() {  //synchronized：同步方法實作排隊呼叫
        super.onResume();
        if (mChatService != null) {
            if (mChatService.getState() == com.example.mybluetooth.ChatService.STATE_NONE) {
                mChatService.start();
            }
        }
    }

    private void setupChat() {
        //初始化ListView配接器
        mConversationArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,R.layout.message);
        mConversationView = findViewById(R.id.in);
        mConversationView.setAdapter(mConversationArrayAdapter);
        mOutEditText = findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out);
        mOutEditText.setOnEditorActionListener(mWriteListener);
        mSendButton = findViewById(R.id.button_send);
        mSendButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View v) {
                TextView view = findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out);
                String message = view.getText().toString();
                sendMessage(message);
            }
        });
        //創建服務物件
        mChatService = new com.example.mybluetooth.ChatService(this, mHandler);
        mOutStringBuffer = new StringBuffer("");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (mChatService != null)
            mChatService.stop();
    }

    private void ensureDiscoverable() { //修改本機藍牙設備的可見性
        //打開手機藍牙后，能被其它藍牙設備掃描到的時間不是永久的
        if (mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode() != BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) {
            Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
            //設定在300秒內可見（能被掃描）
            discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
            startActivity(discoverableIntent);
            Toast.makeText(this, "已經設定本機藍牙設備的可見性，對方可搜索了，", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    private void sendMessage(String message) {
        if (mChatService.getState() != com.example.mybluetooth.ChatService.STATE_CONNECTED) {
            Toast.makeText(this, R.string.not_connected, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return;
        }
        if (message.length() > 0) {
            byte[] send = message.getBytes();
            mChatService.write(send);
            mOutStringBuffer.setLength(0);
            mOutEditText.setText(mOutStringBuffer);
        }
    }

    private TextView.OnEditorActionListener mWriteListener = new TextView.OnEditorActionListener() {
        @Override
        public boolean onEditorAction(TextView view, int actionId, KeyEvent event) {
            if (actionId == EditorInfo.IME_NULL && event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_UP) {
                //軟鍵盤里的回車也能發送訊息
                String message = view.getText().toString();
                sendMessage(message);
            }
            return true;
        }
    };
    //使用Handler物件在UI主執行緒與子執行緒之間傳遞訊息
    @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
    private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {   //訊息處理
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE:
                    switch (msg.arg1) {
                        case com.example.mybluetooth.ChatService.STATE_CONNECTED:
                            mTitle.setText(R.string.title_connected_to);
                            mTitle.append(mConnectedDeviceName);
                            mConversationArrayAdapter.clear();
                            break;
                        case com.example.mybluetooth.ChatService.STATE_CONNECTING:
                            mTitle.setText(R.string.title_connecting);
                            break;
                        case com.example.mybluetooth.ChatService.STATE_LISTEN:
                        case com.example.mybluetooth.ChatService.STATE_NONE:
                            mTitle.setText(R.string.title_not_connected);
                            break;
                    }
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_WRITE:
                    byte[] writeBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
                    String writeMessage = new String(writeBuf);
                    mConversationArrayAdapter.add("我:  " + writeMessage);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_READ:
                    byte[] readBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
                    String readMessage = new String(readBuf, 0, msg.arg1);
                    mConversationArrayAdapter.add(mConnectedDeviceName + ":  "
                            + readMessage);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME:
                    mConnectedDeviceName = msg.getData().getString(DEVICE_NAME);
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "鏈接到 " + mConnectedDeviceName, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_TOAST:
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
                            msg.getData().getString(TOAST), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
            }
        }
    };

    //回傳進入好友串列操作后的數回呼方法
    public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        //TODO
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        switch (requestCode) {
            case REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE:
                if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                    String address = data.getExtras().getString(DeviceList.EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS);
                    BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
                    mChatService.connect(device);
                } else if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "未選擇任何好友！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            case REQUEST_ENABLE_BT:
                if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                    setupChat();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, R.string.bt_not_enabled_leaving, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    finish();
                }
        }
    }

    //內部類，選項選單的單擊事件處理
    private class MyMenuItemClickListener implements Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener {
        @Override
        public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
            switch (item.getItemId()) {
                case R.id.scan:
                    System.out.println("------------------------------在這--------");
                    //啟動DeviceList這個Activity
                    Intent serverIntent = new Intent(BluetoothChat.this, DeviceList.class);
                    startActivityForResult(serverIntent, REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE);
                    return true;
                case R.id.discoverable:
                    ensureDiscoverable();
                    return true;
                case R.id.back:
                    finish();
                    System.exit(0);
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
}

actvity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <!--新版Android支持的Toolbar，對標題欄布局-->
    <androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
        android:id="@+id/toolbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:orientation="horizontal">
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title_left_text"
                style="?android:attr/windowTitleStyle"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:gravity="left"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:singleLine="true" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title_right_text"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:gravity="right"
                android:singleLine="true"
                android:textColor="#fff" />
        </LinearLayout>
    </androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar>

    <ListView android:id="@+id/in"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:stackFromBottom="true"
        android:transcriptMode="alwaysScroll"
        android:layout_weight="1" />
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/edit_text_out"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="bottom"
            android:layout_weight="1" />
        <Button android:id="@+id/button_send"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/send"/>
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

option_menu.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:id="@+id/scan"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_myplaces"
        android:title="@string/connect" />
    <item android:id="@+id/discoverable"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_view"
        android:title="@string/discoverable" />
    <item android:id="@+id/back"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_close_clear_cancel"
        android:title="@string/back" />
</menu>

device_list.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView android:id="@+id/title_paired_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/title_paired_devices"
        android:visibility="gone"
        android:background="#666"
        android:textColor="#fff"
        android:paddingLeft="5dp" />
    <ListView android:id="@+id/paired_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1" />
    <TextView android:id="@+id/title_new_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/title_other_devices"
        android:visibility="gone"
        android:background="#666"
        android:textColor="#fff"
        android:paddingLeft="5dp" />
    <!--android:visibility="gone"表示不占空間的隱藏，invisible是占空間-->
    <ListView android:id="@+id/new_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="2" />
    <Button android:id="@+id/button_scan"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/button_scan" />
</LinearLayout>

device_name.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/textView2"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="TextView" />

message.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/textView2"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="TextView" />

效果截圖

由于我的手機是 ios系統，借用了同學的手機運行

參考博客

http://www.android-doc.com/guide/topics/connectivity/bluetooth.html
https://www.jianshu.com/p/8fbbc6723a7c
https://blog.csdn.net/Eternity68/article/details/121874517?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501
http://www.wustwzx.com/as/sy/sy11.html#mk3

Git鏈接

https://gitee.com/chen-linying/bluetooth