如何將此函式的輸出更改為字典？[復制]

我撰寫了一個包含正則運算式的函式來分隔txt檔案的一些特殊部分。代碼作業正常，但我想得到一個字典作為輸出，長度應該是 979：

import re

def logs():
    with open("C:/Users/ASUS/Desktop/logdata.txt", "r") as file:
        logdata = file.read()

    pattern = ''' 
    (?P<host>\d{1,}\.\d{1,}\.\d{1,}\.\d{1,})   # host name
    \s \S \s 
    (?P<user_name>(?<=-\s)(\w |-)(?=\s))\s \[   # user_name
    (?P<time>([^[] ))\]\s "   # time
    (?P<request>[^"] )"   # request
    '''

    for item in re.finditer(pattern, logdata, re.VERBOSE):
        print(item.groupdict())

這個函式應該變成這樣的文本：

146.204.224.152 - feest6811 [21/Jun/2019:15:45:24 -0700] "POST /incentivize HTTP/1.1" 302 4622

這種捕獲host，user_name等等：

{"host":"146.204.224.152", 
 "user_name":"feest6811", 
 "time":"21/Jun/2019:15:45:24 -0700",
 "request":"POST /incentivize HTTP/1.1"}

我怎樣才能做到這一點？

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

groupdict()直接使用即可：

import re 

def rtr_dict(txt):
  pattern = ''' 
  (?P<host>\d{1,}\.\d{1,}\.\d{1,}\.\d{1,})   # host name
  \s \S \s 
  (?P<user_name>(?<=-\s)(\w |-)(?=\s))\s \[   # user_name
  (?P<time>([^[] ))\]\s "   # time
  (?P<request>[^"] )"   # request
  '''
  
  if m:=re.match(pattern, txt, flags=re.VERBOSE):
    return m.groupdict()

tgt='146.204.224.152 - feest6811 [21/Jun/2019:15:45:24 -0700] "POST /incentivize HTTP/1.1" 302 4622'


>>>rtr_dict(tgt)
{'host': '146.204.224.152', 'user_name': 'feest6811', 'time': '21/Jun/2019:15:45:24 -0700', 'request': 'POST /incentivize HTTP/1.1'}

請你告訴我，我怎樣才能做到不止一行，就像我使用 for 回圈那樣。

鑒于：

tgt='''146.204.224.152 - feest6811 [21/Jun/2019:15:45:24 -0700] "POST /incentivize HTTP/1.1" 302 4622
146.204.224.153 - feest6811 [21/Jun/2019:15:45:24 -0700] "POST /incentivize HTTP/1.1" 302 4623
146.204.224.154 - feest6811 [21/Jun/2019:15:45:24 -0700] "POST /incentivize HTTP/1.1" 302 4624'''

如果您有多個匹配項，則可以回傳一個 dicts 串列：

def rtr_dict(txt):
  pattern = ''' 
  (?P<host>\d{1,}\.\d{1,}\.\d{1,}\.\d{1,})   # host name
  \s \S \s 
  (?P<user_name>(?<=-\s)(\w |-)(?=\s))\s \[   # user_name
  (?P<time>([^[] ))\]\s "   # time
  (?P<request>[^"] )"   # request
  '''
  
  return [m.groupdict() for m in re.finditer(pattern, txt, flags=re.VERBOSE)]

>>> rtr_dict(tgt)
[{'host': '146.204.224.152', 'user_name': 'feest6811', 'time': '21/Jun/2019:15:45:24 -0700', 'request': 'POST /incentivize HTTP/1.1'}, {'host': '146.204.224.153', 'user_name': 'feest6811', 'time': '21/Jun/2019:15:45:24 -0700', 'request': 'POST /incentivize HTTP/1.1'}, {'host': '146.204.224.154', 'user_name': 'feest6811', 'time': '21/Jun/2019:15:45:24 -0700', 'request': 'POST /incentivize HTTP/1.1'}]

或使用生成器：

def rtr_dict(txt):
  pattern = ''' 
  (?P<host>\d{1,}\.\d{1,}\.\d{1,}\.\d{1,})   # host name
  \s \S \s 
  (?P<user_name>(?<=-\s)(\w |-)(?=\s))\s \[   # user_name
  (?P<time>([^[] ))\]\s "   # time
  (?P<request>[^"] )"   # request
  '''
  
  for m in re.finditer(pattern, txt, flags=re.VERBOSE):
    yield m.groupdict()

>>> list(rtr_dict(tgt))
# same list of dicts...

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

它遲到了，但這個詳細的正則運算式也可以（回傳字典串列）

import re
def logs():
    with open("C:/Users/ASUS/Desktop/logdata.txt", "r") as file:
        logdata = file.read()
    
    pattern = """
    (?P<host>[\d\.]*)       #IP host
    (\ -\ )                 #followed by 
    (?P<user_name>[\w-]*)   #user name
    (\ *\[)                 #followed by 
    (?P<time>[^\]]*)        #time
    (\]\ *")                #followed by 
    (?P<request>[^\"]*)     #request"""

    return [item.groupdict() for item in re.finditer(pattern, logdata, re.VERBOSE)]

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