使用gsub將變數替換為另一個變數，該變數是函式呼叫的值

我有一個函式可以用檔案中的某些模式替換實際值。我在這里試圖實作的目標是呼叫一個函式，該函式用于gsub以替換值基本上來自另一個函式呼叫的方式查找和替換字串。

$ cat pat-file
name         10101010
phone        10101010
code         10101010
bankaccount  1010101010101

$ cat data_sub.sh

abc()
{
awk '
function mask(str, str_masked) {
    for (j=1; j<=length(str); j  ) {
        if (substr(masks[i], j, 1)==1) {
            c = substr(str, j, 1)
        } else {
            c = "*"
        }

        str_masked = str_masked c
    }

    return str_masked
}

FNR == NR {
    tags[NR-1] = $1
    masks[NR-1] = $2
}

FNR != NR {
    line = $0

    for (i in tags) {
        regex = "<"tags[i]">[^<] </"tags[i]">"
        masked_line = ""
        l = length(tags[i])
        while (match(line, regex) > 0) {
            fulltag = substr(line, RSTART, RLENGTH)
            tagval = substr(fulltag, l 3, RLENGTH-l-l-5)
            fulltag_masked = "<"tags[i]">" mask(tagval) "</"tags[i]">"
            masked_line = masked_line substr(line, 1, RSTART-1) fulltag_masked

            line = substr(line, RSTART   RLENGTH)
        }

        line = masked_line line
    }

    print line
}' "$@" pat-file file-1 > output_file
}

abc

該tagval變數存盤在 XML 內部被屏蔽的 XML 標記的值，但由于它也存在于 XML 外部，因此我也需要屏蔽這些值。查看輸入檔案

檔案-1

This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = XYCD
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = BLAH
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = MEH
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = ABCD and MEH
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>ABCD</name><phone>98762123</phone><code>MEH</code><bankaccount>4563728495847</bankaccount></tag>
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>ABCD</name><phone>98762123</phone><code>MEH</code><bankaccount>4563728495847</bankaccount></tag>
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>ABCD</name><phone>98762123</phone><code>MEH</code><bankaccount>4563728495847</bankaccount></tag>

邏輯很簡單，非常直接，即存盤所有提取的被屏蔽的標記值，然后對這些值執行相同的屏蔽演算法，但在 XML 之外。我怎樣才能做到這一點？

輸出檔案

This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = XYCD
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = BLAH
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = MEH
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = ABCD and MEH
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>A*C*</name><phone>9*7*2*2*</phone><code>M*H</code><bankaccount>4*6*7*8*9*8*7</bankaccount></tag>
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>A*C*</name><phone>9*7*2*2*</phone><code>M*H</code><bankaccount>4*6*7*8*9*8*7</bankaccount></tag>
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>A*C*</name><phone>9*7*2*2*</phone><code>M*H</code><bankaccount>4*6*7*8*9*8*7</bankaccount></tag>

預期的輸出檔案

This is a demo data = A*C*
This is a demo data = XYCD
This is a demo data = A*C*
This is a demo data = BLAH
This is a demo data = A*C*
This is a demo data = M*H
This is a demo data = A*C*
This is a demo data = A*C*
This is a demo data = A*C*
This is a demo data = A*C* and M*H
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>A*C*</name><phone>9*7*2*2*</phone><code>M*H</code><bankaccount>4*6*7*8*9*8*7</bankaccount></tag>
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>A*C*</name><phone>9*7*2*2*</phone><code>M*H</code><bankaccount>4*6*7*8*9*8*7</bankaccount></tag>
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>A*C*</name><phone>9*7*2*2*</phone><code>M*H</code><bankaccount>4*6*7*8*9*8*7</bankaccount></tag>

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

假設：

• 如果一個字串出現在不同的標簽（例如，name=ABCD和code=ABCD）下，那么找到的第一個掩碼awk將用于掩碼字串（即，我們不會優先處理標簽/掩碼對的處理順序）
• 字串（被屏蔽）可以出現在一行的任何地方
• 當匹配非標簽子字串時，我們將使用awk單詞邊界（例如，在屏蔽時ABCD我們也會屏蔽ABCD-XYZ但我們不會屏蔽ABCDABCDnor ABCD_XYZ）
• 這兩個檔案以及一組值/掩碼值對都將適合記憶體
• 如果 OP 提供了111111111...(all 1's) 的掩碼，我們將繼續執行（有效的）無操作操作

一般操作：

• 處理輸入檔案（例如，file-1）尋找“標簽”條目
• 如果我們找到任何匹配的“標簽”條目，我們會將建議的掩碼應用于相應的值
• 對于每個被屏蔽的值，我們將在一個新陣列中保留該值及其掩碼的副本
• 對于重復值，我們將應用保存的掩碼
• 所有行，無論有或沒有標簽/屏蔽資料，都保存在一個陣列中
• END處理再次遍歷我們的行陣列，查找之前被屏蔽的任何（字邊界）字串，如果找到，則用保存的屏蔽值替換
• 在11111111...（all 1's）掩碼的情況下，此END處理也將重新掩碼“標記”條目（仍然有效地，無操作）
• 然后將所有行發送到標準輸出

在示例輸入檔案中添加一些行：

$ cat file-1
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = XYCD
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = BLAH
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = MEH
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = ABCD
This is a demo data = ABCD and MEH
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>ABCD</name><phone>98762123</phone><code>MEH</code><bankaccount>4563728495847</bankaccount></tag>
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>ABCD</name><phone>98762123</phone><code>MEH</code><bankaccount>4563728495847</bankaccount></tag>
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>ABCD</name><phone>98762123</phone><code>MEH</code><bankaccount>4563728495847</bankaccount></tag>
#####################
# some more lines ...
#####################
This is a demo data = ABCD and XYCD
This is a demo data = XYCD and MEH
This is ABCD and MEH demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>Winkelstein</name><phone>98762123</phone><code>MEH</code><bankaccount>4563728495847</bankaccount></tag>
One last line ABCD ABCD-XYZ ABCDABCD ABCD_XYZ

基于 OP 當前awk代碼的一個想法：

awk '
function mask(str, str_masked) {
    for (j=1; j<=length(str); j  ) {
        if (substr(masks[tag], j, 1) == 1)
           c = substr(str, j, 1)
        else
           c = "*"
        str_masked = str_masked c
    }
    return str_masked
}

FNR == NR { masks[$1] = $2; next }
          { line = $0

            for (tag in masks) {
                regex = "<" tag ">[^<] </" tag ">"
                masked_line = ""
                len = length(tag)

                while (match(line, regex) > 0) {
                      val = substr(line, RSTART (len 2), RLENGTH-(len 2)-(len 3))
                      masked[val]= (val in masked) ? masked[val] : mask(val)
                      masked_line = masked_line substr(line, 1, RSTART-1) "<" tag ">" masked[val] "</" tag ">"
                      line = substr(line, RSTART   RLENGTH)
                }
                line = masked_line line
            }
            lines[FNR]=line
        }

END     { for (i=1;i<=FNR;i  ) {
              for (val in masked) {
                  regex="\\<" val "\\>"
                  gsub(regex,masked[val],lines[i])
              }
              print lines[i]
          }
        }
' pat-file file-1

這會產生：

This is a demo data = A*C*
This is a demo data = XYCD
This is a demo data = A*C*
This is a demo data = BLAH
This is a demo data = A*C*
This is a demo data = M*H
This is a demo data = A*C*
This is a demo data = A*C*
This is a demo data = A*C*
This is a demo data = A*C* and M*H
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>A*C*</name><phone>9*7*2*2*</phone><code>M*H</code><bankaccount>4*6*7*8*9*8*7</bankaccount></tag>
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>A*C*</name><phone>9*7*2*2*</phone><code>M*H</code><bankaccount>4*6*7*8*9*8*7</bankaccount></tag>
This is a demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>A*C*</name><phone>9*7*2*2*</phone><code>M*H</code><bankaccount>4*6*7*8*9*8*7</bankaccount></tag>
#####################
# some more lines ...
#####################
This is a demo data = A*C* and XYCD
This is a demo data = XYCD and M*H
This is A*C* and M*H demo data <tag changed="yes"<name>W*n*e*s****</name><phone>9*7*2*2*</phone><code>M*H</code><bankaccount>4*6*7*8*9*8*7</bankaccount></tag>
One last line A*C* A*C*-XYZ ABCDABCD ABCD_XYZ

標籤：重击 贝壳 Unix awk

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