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python串列練習題

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一、創建串列

1.創建一個串列，命名為names，往里面添加陳賢賢、大財神、飛魚、WuYing、阿陽和Black元素，

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
print(names)

結果[‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, ‘飛魚’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]

2.串列文字的添加

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
print('我建的學習群有', len(names), '個學生在微信群里面')
print('我建的學習群有' + str(len(names)) + '個學生在微信群里面')

for item in names:
    print(names)
print('我在渡劫也加入了微信群')

names.append('我在渡劫')
print('現在我的微信群是', names)

結果：

我建的學習群有 6 個學生在微信群里面 #6的前后都有空格存在
我建的學習群有6個學生在微信群里面 # 6個前后沒有空格存在
陳賢賢
大財神
飛魚
WuYing
阿陽
Black
我在渡劫也加入了微信群
現在我的微信群是 [‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, ‘飛魚’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’, ‘我在渡劫’]

二、在串列中插入元素

1.往names串列中的最后一個元素Black前面插入一個張四歲，

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
names.insert(-1, "張四歲")
print(names)

結果[‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, ‘飛魚’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘張四歲’, ‘Black’]

2.往names串列中最前面的元素陳賢賢前面插入張四歲

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
names.insert(0, '張四歲')
print(names)

結果[‘張四歲’, ‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, ‘飛魚’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]

3.往names串列中中間部位的元素飛魚前面插入張四歲

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
names.insert(2, '張四歲')
print(names)

結果[‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, ‘張四歲’, ‘飛魚’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]

4.往names串列中大財神后面插入一個子串列[“老男孩”,“老女孩”]，

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
names.insert(2, ["老男孩", "老女孩"])
print(names)

結果：[‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, [‘老男孩’, ‘老女孩’], ‘飛魚’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]

三、改變串列中的某一個元素的名稱

1.把names串列中WuYing的名字改成中文，

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
names[names.index("WuYing")] = "吳瑩"
print(names)

結果：[‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, ‘飛魚’, ‘吳瑩’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]

2.把names串列中飛魚的名字改成數字666

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
names[names.index('飛魚')] = 666
print(names)

結果：[‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, 666, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]

3.修改特定元素

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
names[3] = "吳瑩"
print(names)

結果：[‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, ‘飛魚’, ‘吳瑩’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]

4.批量修改元素名

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
names[0:2] = 'abcd'  # 將索引0-2替換為abcd,切片之后迭代處理
print(names)

結果：[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘飛魚’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]

四、確定串列中元素的位置（索引值）

1.回傳names串列中阿陽的索引值（下標），

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
print(names.index("阿陽"))

結果：4

五、兩個串列的合并

1.創建新串列numbers，依次包含1,2,3,4,2,5,6,2等數，并把新串列合并到names串列中，

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 2]
names.extend(numbers)  # extend()方法表示合并
print(names)

結果：[‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, ‘飛魚’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’, 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 2]

六、取出串列中指定元素

1.取出names串列中索引4-7的元素，

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black", 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 2]
print(names[4:8])

結果：[‘阿陽’, ‘Black’, 1, 2]

2.取出names串列中索引2-10的元素，步長為2，

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black", 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 2]
print(names[2:11:2])  # 串列切片“顧頭不顧尾”，步長表示在指定范圍間隔取值

#結果：[‘飛魚’, ‘阿陽’, 1, 3, 2]

3.取出names串列中最后3個元素，

names = ['陳賢賢', '大財神', ['老男孩', '老女孩'], '飛魚', '吳瑩', '阿陽', '張四歲', 'Black', 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 2]
print(names[-3:])  # [-3:]表示取值范圍為從串列的倒數第三個到末尾

結果：[5, 6, 2]

七、列印特定索引值和元素

1.回圈names串列，列印每個元素的索引值和元素，

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]

方法1

for i in names:
    print(names.index(i), i)

方法2 enumerate()列舉

for index, i in enumerate(names):
    print(index, i)

結果：

0 陳賢賢
1 大財神
2 飛魚
3 WuYing
4 阿陽
5 Black

2.回圈names串列，列印每個元素的索引值和元素，當索引值為偶數時，把對應的元素改成-1，

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black", 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 2]
for index, i in enumerate(names):
    if index % 2 == 0:
        names[index] = -1
        print(index, i)
print(names)

結果：[-1, ‘大財神’, -1, ‘WuYing’, -1, ‘Black’, -1, 2, -1, 4, -1, 5, -1, 2]

3.names串列里有3個2，請回傳第二個2的索引值，不要人肉，要動態找，

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black", 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 2]

方法1 回圈

count = 0
for index, i in enumerate(names):
    # print(index,i)
    if i == 2:
        count += 1
        while count == 2:
            print(index)
            break
    else:
        continue

方法2

print(names.index(2, names.index(2)+1))

結果：10

4.現有商品串列如下：

products = [["iphone", 6888], ["MacPro", 14800], ["小米6", 2499], ["Coffee", 31], ["Book", 60], ["Nike", 699]]

需列印出以下格式：

------ 商品串列 ------
0 iphone 6888
1 MacPro 14800
2 小米6 2499
3 Coffee 31
4 Book 60
5 Nike 699

products = [["iphone", 6888], ["MacPro", 14800], ["小米6", 2499], ["Coffee", 31], ["Book", 60], ["Nike", 699]]
print("--------- 商品串列 --------")
for index, i in enumerate(products):
    print("%s %s %s" % (index, i[0], i[1]))

結果：

--------- 商品串列 --------
0 iphone 6888
1 MacPro 14800
2 小米6 2499
3 Coffee 31
4 Book 60
5 Nike 699

5.根據products串列寫一個回圈，不斷詢問用戶想買什么，用戶選擇一個商品編號，就把對應的商品添加到購物車里，最終用戶輸入q退出時，列印購買的商品串列，

products = [["iphone", 6888], ["MacPro", 14800], ["小米6", 2499], ["Coffee", 31], ["Book", 60], ["Nike", 699]]
shop_car = []  # 用戶購物車
shop_cost = 0  # 用戶花費的金額
exit_log = False  # 標志位，默認設為False,退出
while not exit_log:
    print("------ 商品串列 ------")
    for index, i in enumerate(products):
        print("%s   %s  %s" % (index, i[0], i[1]))
    user_choice = input("\n輸入你想購買的產品序號(按“q”退出):")
    if user_choice.isdigit():
        # 判斷用戶輸入的是否是數字
        user_choice = int(user_choice)  # 強制轉換為數字
        if user_choice >=0 and user_choice < len(products):
            # 判斷用戶購買的商品是否在商品串列中
            shop_car.append(products[user_choice])  # 加入購物車
            shop_cost += products[user_choice][1]  # 計算費用
            print("\n %s 已經加入你的購物車\n"%products[user_choice])
        else:
            print("抱歉，此商品不存在\n")
    elif user_choice == "q":
      # 用戶選擇退出
        if len(shop_car) > 0:
            # 判斷用戶是否購買了商品
            print("\n------ 你的購物車 ------")
            for index, i in enumerate(shop_car):
                # index和i為臨時變數，與前一個for回圈里index和i作用的串列不同，故可重用
                print("%s  %s" % (i[0], i[1]))
            print("\n你此次購物的花費合計是:%s元\n" % shop_cost)
            exit_log = True # 退出購物
        else:
            exit_log = True # 未購買商品，不列印購物車商品，直接退出
    else:
        # 輸入不合法
        exit_log = True

6.列印串列本身

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
print(names)

結果：[‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, ‘飛魚’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]

7.依順序列印串列中所有元素

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]

方法一

print(names[0])
print(names[1])
print(names[2])
print(names[3])
print(names[4])

方法二

for i in names:
    print(i)

結果：[‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, ‘飛魚’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]

8.調取一個串列元素的方法

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
print(names[3])

結果：WuYing

八、統計串列中元素的個數

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
print(len(names))

結果：6

九、增加串列中元素的方法：append方法

score = []
print(score)
score.append(80)
print(score)

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
names.append(1705)
names.append('HZH')
print(names)

print(names.append('HZH'))  # 無回傳值，names.append

結果：

[]
[80]
[‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, ‘飛魚’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’, 1705, ‘HZH’]
None

十、串列轉換成字串

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
a = "、".join(names)
print(a)

結果：陳賢賢、大財神、飛魚、WuYing、阿陽、Black

十一、洗掉元素

1.按照元素洗掉

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
names.remove('飛魚')
print(names)

結果：[‘陳賢賢’, ‘大財神’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]

2.按照索引洗掉

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
names = names.pop()  # 不寫索引就洗掉最后一個之外所有其他的
print(names)
‘’‘

結果：Black

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
names = names.pop(2)  # 保留第3個，洗掉所有其他的
print(names)

結果：飛魚

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
names = names.clear()  # 清除串列
print(names)

結果：None

names = ["陳賢賢", "大財神", "飛魚", "WuYing", "阿陽", "Black"]
for i in range(len(names)):  # 一個一個地洗掉
    print(i)
    del names[0]
    print(names)

結果：

0
[‘大財神’, ‘飛魚’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]
1
[‘飛魚’, ‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]
2
[‘WuYing’, ‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]
3
[‘阿陽’, ‘Black’]
4
[‘Black’]
5
[]