專案技術選型
- Spring Boot
- Spring MVC
- MyBatis + 通用Mapper （官網資訊https://mapperhelper.github.io/docs/）
- Spring Cloud Alibaba
專案結構
pom 檔案
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.laiya</groupId>
<artifactId>user-center</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>user-center</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--Sporing Boot-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--Nacos-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--feign-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- nacos 動態配置-->
<!-- <dependency>-->
<!-- <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>-->
<!-- <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>-->
<!-- </dependency>-->
<!--Redis-->
<!-- <dependency>-->
<!-- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>-->
<!-- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis-reactive</artifactId>-->
<!-- </dependency>-->
<!--Mysql-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--Mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--Lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--Test-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--整合Spring Cloud-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.SR3</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--整合Spring Cloud Alibaba-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<!--分別設定開發，測驗，生產環境-->
<profiles>
<!-- 開發環境 -->
<profile>
<id>dev</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
</activation>
<properties>
<environment>dev</environment>
</properties>
</profile>
<!-- 測驗環境 -->
<profile>
<id>test</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
</activation>
<properties>
<environment>test</environment>
</properties>
</profile>
<!-- 生產環境 -->
<profile>
<id>pro</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
</activation>
<properties>
<environment>pro</environment>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.16</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>8</source>
<target>8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<!-- 打包后檔案名稱：專案名-環境-版本 -->
<finalName>${project.artifactId}-${environment}-${project.version}</finalName>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<!-- 開啟過濾替換功能-->
<filtering>true</filtering>
<includes>
<!-- 專案打包完成的包中只包含當前環境檔案 -->
<include>application.yml</include>
<include>application-${environment}.yml</include>
<include>bootstrap.yml</include>
<include>mybatis/*/*.xml</include>
<include>templates/*.html</include>
<include>static/</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
pom 里配置了多環境打包，openfeign，zipkin，actuator，sentinel，websocket，lombok 等組件下面對這些組件
- openfeign 是用來為微服務架構下服務之間的呼叫提供了解決方案，可以理解為被封裝的請求模式，
- zipkin 是用來做鏈路跟蹤的工具，是一個開放源代碼分布式的跟蹤系統，每個服務向zipkin報告計時資料，zipkin會根據呼叫關系通過Zipkin UI生成依賴關系圖（以后的博客里會將）
- actuator 是用來做應用的健康檢查，Spring Boot Actuator可以幫助你監控和管理Spring Boot應用，比如健康檢查、審計、統計和HTTP追蹤等，所有的這些特性可以通過JMX或者HTTP endpoints來獲得，
- sentinel 是面向分布式服務架構的高可用流量防護組件，主要以流量為切入點，從限流、流量整形、熔斷降級、系統負載保護、熱點防護等多個維度來幫助開發者保障微服務的穩定性，
- websocket 全雙工通訊協議，可簡單理解為服務端可以主動向客戶端發送請求
實作多環境打包需要配置多個*.yml 組態檔,組態檔
- application.yml 內容
spring:
profiles:
active: "@environment@"
application-dev內容
#======================================#
#========== Server settings ==========#
#======================================#
server:
port: 8086
# servlet:
# context-path: /user-center
tomcat:
uri-encoding: UTF-8
spring:
#server name
application:
name: user-center
#======================================#
#========== Database settings ==========#
#======================================#
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
username:
password: xxxxx
url: jxxxxx
#======================================#
#========== Nacos ==========#
#======================================#
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
# nacos server address
server-addr: xxxx
thymeleaf:
prefix: classpath:/templates/
check-template-location: true
suffix: .html
encoding: utf-8
servlet:
content-type: text/html
mode: HTML5
cache: false
#======================================#
#========== zipkin ==========#
#======================================#
zipkin:
base-url:xxx
discovery-client-enabled: false
sleuth:
sampler:
# 抽樣率 10%
probability: 1.0
#======================================#
#========== MyBatis settings ==========#
#======================================#
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:templates/*/*.xml
#======================================#
#========== Redis settings ==========#
#======================================#
# redis:
# enabled: true
# host: xxx
# port: 6379
# ssl: false
# database: 0
# password: x'x'x'x
# jedis:
# pool:
# # 最大空閑連接數
# maxIdle: 3
# # 最大活動連接數
# maxActive: 20
feign:
client:
config:
# 想要配置的微服務 名稱 全域配置 default
user-center:
loggerLevel: full
# httpclient 連接池
httpclient:
enabled: true
# feign 的最大連接數
max-connections: 200
# feign 的單個路徑最大連接數
max-connections-per-route: 50
#======================================#
#========== Config sttings ==========#
#======================================#
#
body:
controllerMethodList:
swaggerResources,
getDocumentation
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
mysql 配置資訊說明
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
username:
password: xxxxx
url: jxxxxx
mysql 版本>= 6.x 需要用 com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
mysql 版本<= 5.x 需要用 com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
** com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 原始碼 如下**
public class Driver extends com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver {
public Driver() throws SQLException {
super();
}
static {
System.err.println("Loading class `com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'. This is deprecated. The new driver class is `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver'. "
+ "The driver is automatically registered via the SPI and manual loading of the driver class is generally unnecessary.");
}
}
通過原始碼我們可以看到 Driver 繼承了 com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver，如果不加 cj 專案也可以運行但是會列印出一句警告的話，大概意思是說驅動版本需要升級
所以在出現這句話的時候大家不要謊，
另外需要注意的是在為應用起名字的時候盡量不要用_ 和特殊字符，可以用-,否則在啟動的時候會列印出警告
針對微服務，我們在新增微服務組件的時候盡量遵循三個步驟
1 pom 檔案引入依賴
2 yml 寫配置
3 專案加注解
用戶微服務引入Nacos 步驟
- 引入依賴
<!--Nacos-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
- yml寫配置
#=========================#
#========== Nacos =========#
#=========================#
spring:
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: (nacos 請求地址,格式為 ip[域名]:port; 例如 xxx.com:8848,注意 地址前面不要加http 后者https)
- 專案加注解（沒有注解，不需要）
** 啟動當前專案后，成功后會先發現Nacos 控制臺服務管理里會有一個user-center 的服務**
至此 微服務注冊到Nacos 便成功了，我們發現服務注冊很簡單，只需要簡單的兩步，加依賴，寫配置
針對不同環境打包的命令為 mvn install -Ppro/-Pdev/-Ptest,需要哪個環境就打哪個環境的包
下一節會為大家講解服務和服務之間的呼叫，希望能夠幫助大家搭建一個簡單的微服務系統，
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標籤：其他