一,什么是微服務
微服務的核心就是將傳統的一站式應用,根據業務拆分成一個個的服務,徹底去解耦,每一個微服務提供單個業務功能得服務,一個服務做一件事情,從技術角度上看,就是一種小而獨立的處理程序,能夠自行單獨啟動或銷毀,擁有自己獨立的資料庫
用官方的話來說
基于springboot提供了一套微服務解決方案,包括服務注冊與發現沒配置中心,全鏈路監控
服務網關,負載均衡,熔斷器等組件,基于NetFlix的開源組件做高度抽象封裝之外,還有一些
選型中立的開源組件
在學習每一門的新技術之前,都離不開官方檔案,如一下參考檔案
https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-netflix.html
中文api檔案: https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-dalston.html
springcloud中國社區:http://springcloud.cn/
springcloud中文網:https://springcloud.cc
二,談談springcloud和springboot之間的區別
springboot是專注于快速方便的開發單個個體微服務
springcloud是關注全域的微服務協調整理治療框架,他將Springboot開發的一個個單體微服務整合并管理起來,為各個微服務之間提供:配置管理,服務發現,斷路器,路由,微代理,時間總線,全域鎖,決策競選,分布式會話等等集成服務
springboot可以離開springCloud獨立使用,但是springcloud離不開springboot,屬于依賴關系
但是在學習springcloud之前,一定需要先了解springboot的使用
三,這里因為是快速入門,因此以EUREKA的簡單集群版作為演示

如圖所示,以Eureka作為服務注冊中心
四,約定 > 配置 > 編碼
1,勾選注解生效

檔案編碼改為utf-8

java編譯器改為8

五,父工程(主專案)的構建
1,選擇site目錄

2,創建專案之后,修改運行方式,將run運行方式設定為run Bashboard運行方式,即修改 .idea 目錄下的 wrokspace.xml 檔案,在檔案中添加:
<option name="configurationTypes">
<set>
<option value="SpringBootApplicationConfigurationType" />
</set>
</option>
搜索RunDashboard即可
3,pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<!--子模塊-->
<modules>
<module>provider-payment-8001</module>
<module>consumer-order-80</module>
<module>api-commons</module>
<module>eureka-server-7001</module>
<module>eureka-server-7002</module>
<module>provider-payment-8011</module>
</modules>
<!--不再是默認的jar-->
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<!-- 統一管理jar包版本 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
<druid.version>1.1.21</druid.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
</properties>
<!-- 子模塊繼承之后,提供作用:鎖定版本+子modlue不用寫groupId和version -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
六,目錄總結構

七,先說說這個通用的api-commons
由于全域只需要這一個物件,因此把他抽取出來

1,pom.xml檔案
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--熱部署工具-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.1.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2,物體類CommonResult
package com.zheng.api.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
private Integer code; //類似404
private String message; //資訊描述
private T data; //
public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
this(code,message,null);
}
}
3,物體類Payment
package com.zheng.api.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
private long id;
private String serial;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Payment{" +
"id=" + id +
", serial='" + serial + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
八,一個服務注冊中心集群由兩個服務注冊中心組成,分別為eureka-server-7001和eureka-server-7002
1,修改本地埠號路徑映射:C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\host
在里面加入,如果加不了,則修改屬性將只讀改為讀寫

2,新建maven模塊,使用的普通的即可,以下需要注意一下,將sdk改成如下

3,pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>eureka-server-7001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--eureka的服務端包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- boot web actuator -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<!--引入自己定義的 api 通用包-->
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--熱部署工具-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
4,application.yml
server:
port: 7001
eureka:
instance:
#eureka服務端的實體名稱,最后就是用來注冊到注冊中心,名字隨意
hostname: eureka7001.com
client:
#false表示不向注冊中心注冊自己
register-with-eureka: false
#false表示自己端就是注冊中心,職責是維護實體,并不需要檢索服務
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
#設定與Eureka Server 互動的地址查詢服務和注冊服務都需要依賴這個地址
#defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
defaultZone: http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/
# defaultZone: http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/ #集群指向其他eureka
server:
# 關閉自我保護機制,保證不可用服務被及時剔除.默認開啟保護機制 true
enable-self-preservation: false
eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 2000
5,在主啟動類上加入注解
//開啟eureka注解,代表服務中心
@EnableEurekaServer
6,以上是其中一個注冊中心,而另一個注冊中心復制一模一樣的代碼即可,只需要修改application.yml下的埠號即可
九,兩個服務提供者,分別是provider-payment-8001和provider-payment-8011
1,pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>provider-payment-8001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--包含了sleuth+zipkin;sleuth鏈路監控展現,P94所需依賴-->
<!--<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>
-->
<!--客戶端-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<!--引入自己定義的 api 通用包-->
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--下面兩個一定是系結在一塊出現-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--熱部署工具-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2,application.yml
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: payment-service #該名字可以隨意起,主要用于注冊中心的呼叫 #該名字可以隨意起,主要用于注冊中心的呼叫
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springcloud?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useSSL=false
username: root
password: zhs03171812
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
type-aliases-package: com.zheng.payment.pojo
#引入jar包后
eureka:
client:
#表示向注冊中心注冊自己
register-with-eureka: true
#false表示自己端就是注冊中心,職責是維護實體,并不需要檢索服務
fetch-registry: true
service-url:
#設定與Eureka Server 互動的地址查詢服務和注冊服務都需要依賴這個地址
#defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka #單機版
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka #集群版
instance:
instance-id: payment8001 #將主機名替換
prefer-ip-address: true
3,由于服務提供者需要與資料庫進行操作,則新建資料庫,資料隨便插入幾個即可,方便用于測驗

4,分別新建controller,service,pojo,mapper包

PaymentMapper介面
package com.zheng.payment.mapper;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface PaymentMapper {
//插入資料
public int toInsert(Payment payment);
//通過id查詢資料
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
PaymentMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.zheng.payment.mapper.PaymentMapper">
<insert id="toInsert" parameterType="com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into payment (serial) values (#{serial})
</insert>
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"></id>
<id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"></id>
</resultMap>
<select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select * from payment where id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
PaymentServiceI介面
package com.zheng.payment.service;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
public interface PaymentServiceI {
//插入資料
public int toInsert(Payment payment);
//通過id查詢資料
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
PaymentServiceImpl
package com.zheng.payment.service;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment;
import com.zheng.payment.mapper.PaymentMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentServiceI {
@Autowired
private PaymentMapper paymentMapperl;
@Override
public int toInsert(Payment payment) {
return paymentMapperl.toInsert(payment);
}
@Override
public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) {
return paymentMapperl.getPaymentById(id);
}
}
主啟動類上加入注解
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
PaymentController
package com.zheng.payment.controller;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.CommonResult;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment;
import com.zheng.payment.service.PaymentServiceImpl;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
@Autowired
private PaymentServiceImpl paymentService;
//向外暴露服務
@Autowired
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@PostMapping(value = "/payment/toInsert")
public CommonResult toInsert(@RequestBody Payment payment){
int result = paymentService.toInsert(payment);
log.info("**********插入結果是" + result + "qaq");
//無論資料是否插入成功,都得將資料給回傳前端
if(result > 0){
return new CommonResult(200,"資料插入成功",result);
}else{
return new CommonResult(444,"插入資料失敗",null);
}
}
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
log.info("**********查詢的結果是" + payment + "qaq");
//無論資料是否插入成功,都得將資料給回傳前端
//return new CommonResult(200,"資料查詢成功!",payment);
if(payment != null){
return new CommonResult(200,"資料查詢成功",payment);
}else{
return new CommonResult(444,"插入查詢失敗",null);
}
}
@GetMapping("payment/discovery")
public DiscoveryClient getDiscoveryClient(){
List<String> services = discoveryClient.getServices();
services.forEach(e-> System.out.println(e));
List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("PAYMENT-SERVICE");
instances.forEach(e-> System.out.println(e));
return this.discoveryClient;
}
@GetMapping(value = "qaq")
public String qaq(){
return "hello world";
}
}
5,新創建一個新的模塊作為服務提供者,只需修改埠號即可,其他代碼一致
十,消費者consumer-order-80

1,pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>consumer-order-80</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--包含了sleuth+zipkin;sleuth鏈路監控展現,P94所需依賴-->
<!--<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>-->
<!-- 引入eureka客戶端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<!--引入自己定義的 api 通用包-->
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--熱部署工具-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2,ApplicationContextConfig.class
package com.zheng.order.config;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
//告訴springboot這是一個配置類,相當于以前在spring中的applicationContext.xml組態檔
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
//既然是相當于以前的xml的組態檔,那么就可以在里面注入物件了
@Bean
@LoadBalanced //開啟負載均衡機制
public RestTemplate getRest(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
3,主程式類中添加注解
@EnableEurekaClient
4,撰寫OrderController類
package com.zheng.order.controller;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.CommonResult;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
public static final String URL = "http://payment-service/";
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/toInsert")
public CommonResult<Payment> toInsert(@RequestBody Payment payment){
return restTemplate.postForObject(URL + "payment/toInsert",payment,CommonResult.class);
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(URL+"payment/get/" + id,CommonResult.class);
}
}
十一,測驗
新開啟eureka兩個服務注冊中心,在兩個開啟服務提供者,再開啟一個消費者,然后五個微服務全部開啟

開始測驗,由于修改了本地埠,就可以直接使用本地埠進行測驗了
輸入:http://eureka7002.com:7002/ 和http://eureka7001.com:7001/


就可以發現服務以及注冊到注冊中心了
接下來測驗客戶端能否拿到服務端的資料

測驗暴露的服務

測驗插入資料

那肯定也保存在資料庫中了!
十二,總結
簡單的Eureka實作服務中心就成功地部署了!
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