Ansible無法在playbook中為主機名呼叫變數

我需要將新用戶添加到多個 Ubuntu 服務器。不幸的是，密碼和用戶名不一致。每臺機器都有自己的用戶名，密碼不能相同。例如，host-1 將擁有一個用戶帳戶 host-1_username，密碼為 host-1_password，而 host-2 將擁有一個用戶帳戶 host-2_username，密碼為 host-2_password，依此類推。

我想通過 Ansible 做到這一點。我有一個 list.yaml 檔案：

---
list:
  - hostname: host-1
    username: host-1_username
    password: host-1_password
  - hostname: host-2
    username: host-2_username
    password: host-2_password
  - hostname: host-3
    username: host-3_username
    password: host-3_password

這是我的 Ansible 劇本：

- name: Crate new user
  vars_files:
    - list.yml
  hosts: "{{ item.hostname }}"
  remote_user: root
  become: true

  tasks:
  - name: Create new user
    ansible.builtin.user:
      name: "{{ item.username }}"
      groups: sudo
      password: "{{ item.password | password_hash('sha512') }}"
      shell: /bin/bash

  - name: Modify sshd_config 
    ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
      dest: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      line: 'AllowUsers {{ item.username }}'
    
    loop: "{{ list }}"

但看起來 Ansible 無法呼叫變數添加到 hosts 列中：

ERROR! couldn't resolve module/action 'hosts'. This often indicates a misspelling, missing collection, or incorrect module path.

我對 Ansible 很陌生，感謝任何幫助！

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

鑒于資料

shell> cat list.yml 
users_list:
  - hostname: host-1
    username: host-1_username
    password: host-1_password
  - hostname: host-2
    username: host-2_username
    password: host-2_password
  - hostname: host-3
    username: host-3_username
    password: host-3_password

創建一個清單檔案，例如

shell> cat hosts
host-1
host-2
host-3

將資料轉換為字典，例如

- hosts: all
  gather_facts: false
  vars_files:
    - list.yml
  tasks:
    - set_fact:
        users_dict: "{{ users_list|items2dict(key_name='hostname', value_name='username') }}"
        psswd_dict: "{{ users_list|items2dict(key_name='hostname', value_name='password') }}"
      run_once: true

給

  users_dict:
    host-1: host-1_username
    host-2: host-2_username
    host-3: host-3_username

和

  psswd_dict:
    host-1: host-1_password
    host-2: host-2_password
    host-3: host-3_password

使用字典選擇主機的特定用戶和密碼，例如

    - debug:
        msg: "Create user: {{ users_dict[inventory_hostname] }}
              password: {{ psswd_dict[inventory_hostname] }}"

給

TASK [debug] ***************************************************************
ok: [host-1] => 
  msg: 'Create user: host-1_username password: host-1_password'
ok: [host-2] => 
  msg: 'Create user: host-2_username password: host-2_password'
ok: [host-3] => 
  msg: 'Create user: host-3_username password: host-3_password'

您可以省略清單檔案并創建一個完全由資料驅動的劇本。在第一場比賽中創建動態組my_group并在第二場比賽中使用它。下面的劇本給出了相同的結果

- name: Create dynamic group of the hosts from users_list
  hosts: localhost
  gather_facts: false
  vars_files:
    - list.yml
  tasks:
    - add_host:
        name: "{{ item.hostname }}"
        groups: my_group
      loop: "{{ users_list }}"

- name: Create users
  hosts: my_group
  gather_facts: false
  vars_files:
    - list.yml
  tasks:
    - set_fact:
        users_dict: "{{ users_list|items2dict(key_name='hostname', value_name='username') }}"
        psswd_dict: "{{ users_list|items2dict(key_name='hostname', value_name='password') }}"
      run_once: true
    - debug:
        var: users_dict
      run_once: true
    - debug:
        var: psswd_dict
      run_once: true
    - debug:
        msg: "Create user: {{ users_dict[inventory_hostname] }}
              password: {{ psswd_dict[inventory_hostname] }}"

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