主頁 > 軟體設計 > LNK2019：未決議的外部符號-在VisualStudio2022中將.h檔案與.cpp（定義）檔案鏈接不起作用

LNK2019：未決議的外部符號-在VisualStudio2022中將.h檔案與.cpp（定義）檔案鏈接不起作用

2022-02-20 08:30:23 軟體設計

好的，所以我目前是 C 的初級程式員（學校 11 年級，高中 3 年級，但我們仍在學習基本功能，所以請原諒任何新手錯誤）并且我正在自學額外的編碼知識。除了背景關系，我搬到了 Visual Studio 2022 并且我正在學習一門課程，目前正在學習繼承。

問題是，我有一個專案，其中有一個基本 Account 類和 3 個其他公共派生類（來自 Account 類），每個都有頭檔案和定義檔案，但是每當我嘗試運行 main 時，我都會得到以下錯誤鏈：

1>SectionChallenge.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class Account,class std::allocator<class Account> > const &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEBV?$vector@VAccount@@V?$allocator@VAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z) referenced in function main
1>  Hint on symbols that are defined and could potentially match:
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class Account,class std::allocator<class Account> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VAccount@@V?$allocator@VAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class CheckingAccount,class std::allocator<class CheckingAccount> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VCheckingAccount@@V?$allocator@VCheckingAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class SavingsAccount,class std::allocator<class SavingsAccount> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VSavingsAccount@@V?$allocator@VSavingsAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class TrustAccount,class std::allocator<class TrustAccount> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VTrustAccount@@V?$allocator@VTrustAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl Account::deposit(double)" (?deposit@Account@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl SavingsAccount::deposit(double)" (?deposit@SavingsAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl TrustAccount::deposit(double)" (?deposit@TrustAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>SectionChallenge.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class Account,class std::allocator<class Account> > const &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEBV?$vector@VAccount@@V?$allocator@VAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z) referenced in function main
1>  Hint on symbols that are defined and could potentially match:
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class Account,class std::allocator<class Account> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VAccount@@V?$allocator@VAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class CheckingAccount,class std::allocator<class CheckingAccount> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VCheckingAccount@@V?$allocator@VCheckingAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class SavingsAccount,class std::allocator<class SavingsAccount> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VSavingsAccount@@V?$allocator@VSavingsAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class TrustAccount,class std::allocator<class TrustAccount> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VTrustAccount@@V?$allocator@VTrustAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl Account::withdraw(double)" (?withdraw@Account@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl CheckingAccount::withdraw(double)" (?withdraw@CheckingAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl TrustAccount::withdraw(double)" (?withdraw@TrustAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>SectionChallenge.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class SavingsAccount,class std::allocator<class SavingsAccount> > const &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEBV?$vector@VSavingsAccount@@V?$allocator@VSavingsAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z) referenced in function main
1>  Hint on symbols that are defined and could potentially match:
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class Account,class std::allocator<class Account> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VAccount@@V?$allocator@VAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class CheckingAccount,class std::allocator<class CheckingAccount> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VCheckingAccount@@V?$allocator@VCheckingAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class SavingsAccount,class std::allocator<class SavingsAccount> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VSavingsAccount@@V?$allocator@VSavingsAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class TrustAccount,class std::allocator<class TrustAccount> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VTrustAccount@@V?$allocator@VTrustAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl Account::deposit(double)" (?deposit@Account@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl SavingsAccount::deposit(double)" (?deposit@SavingsAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl TrustAccount::deposit(double)" (?deposit@TrustAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>SectionChallenge.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class SavingsAccount,class std::allocator<class SavingsAccount> > const &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEBV?$vector@VSavingsAccount@@V?$allocator@VSavingsAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z) referenced in function main
1>  Hint on symbols that are defined and could potentially match:
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class Account,class std::allocator<class Account> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VAccount@@V?$allocator@VAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class CheckingAccount,class std::allocator<class CheckingAccount> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VCheckingAccount@@V?$allocator@VCheckingAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class SavingsAccount,class std::allocator<class SavingsAccount> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VSavingsAccount@@V?$allocator@VSavingsAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class TrustAccount,class std::allocator<class TrustAccount> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VTrustAccount@@V?$allocator@VTrustAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl Account::withdraw(double)" (?withdraw@Account@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl CheckingAccount::withdraw(double)" (?withdraw@CheckingAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl TrustAccount::withdraw(double)" (?withdraw@TrustAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>SectionChallenge.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class CheckingAccount,class std::allocator<class CheckingAccount> > const &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEBV?$vector@VCheckingAccount@@V?$allocator@VCheckingAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z) referenced in function main
1>  Hint on symbols that are defined and could potentially match:
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class Account,class std::allocator<class Account> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VAccount@@V?$allocator@VAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class CheckingAccount,class std::allocator<class CheckingAccount> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VCheckingAccount@@V?$allocator@VCheckingAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class SavingsAccount,class std::allocator<class SavingsAccount> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VSavingsAccount@@V?$allocator@VSavingsAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class TrustAccount,class std::allocator<class TrustAccount> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VTrustAccount@@V?$allocator@VTrustAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl Account::deposit(double)" (?deposit@Account@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl SavingsAccount::deposit(double)" (?deposit@SavingsAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl TrustAccount::deposit(double)" (?deposit@TrustAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>SectionChallenge.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class CheckingAccount,class std::allocator<class CheckingAccount> > const &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEBV?$vector@VCheckingAccount@@V?$allocator@VCheckingAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z) referenced in function main
1>  Hint on symbols that are defined and could potentially match:
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class Account,class std::allocator<class Account> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VAccount@@V?$allocator@VAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class CheckingAccount,class std::allocator<class CheckingAccount> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VCheckingAccount@@V?$allocator@VCheckingAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class SavingsAccount,class std::allocator<class SavingsAccount> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VSavingsAccount@@V?$allocator@VSavingsAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class TrustAccount,class std::allocator<class TrustAccount> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VTrustAccount@@V?$allocator@VTrustAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl Account::withdraw(double)" (?withdraw@Account@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl CheckingAccount::withdraw(double)" (?withdraw@CheckingAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl TrustAccount::withdraw(double)" (?withdraw@TrustAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>SectionChallenge.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class TrustAccount,class std::allocator<class TrustAccount> > const &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEBV?$vector@VTrustAccount@@V?$allocator@VTrustAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z) referenced in function main
1>  Hint on symbols that are defined and could potentially match:
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class Account,class std::allocator<class Account> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VAccount@@V?$allocator@VAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class CheckingAccount,class std::allocator<class CheckingAccount> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VCheckingAccount@@V?$allocator@VCheckingAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class SavingsAccount,class std::allocator<class SavingsAccount> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VSavingsAccount@@V?$allocator@VSavingsAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl deposit(class std::vector<class TrustAccount,class std::allocator<class TrustAccount> > &,double)" (?deposit@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VTrustAccount@@V?$allocator@VTrustAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl Account::deposit(double)" (?deposit@Account@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl SavingsAccount::deposit(double)" (?deposit@SavingsAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl TrustAccount::deposit(double)" (?deposit@TrustAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>SectionChallenge.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class TrustAccount,class std::allocator<class TrustAccount> > const &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEBV?$vector@VTrustAccount@@V?$allocator@VTrustAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z) referenced in function main
1>  Hint on symbols that are defined and could potentially match:
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class Account,class std::allocator<class Account> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VAccount@@V?$allocator@VAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class CheckingAccount,class std::allocator<class CheckingAccount> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VCheckingAccount@@V?$allocator@VCheckingAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class SavingsAccount,class std::allocator<class SavingsAccount> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VSavingsAccount@@V?$allocator@VSavingsAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "void __cdecl withdraw(class std::vector<class TrustAccount,class std::allocator<class TrustAccount> > &,double)" (?withdraw@@YAXAEAV?$vector@VTrustAccount@@V?$allocator@VTrustAccount@@@std@@@std@@N@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl Account::withdraw(double)" (?withdraw@Account@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl CheckingAccount::withdraw(double)" (?withdraw@CheckingAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>    "public: bool __cdecl TrustAccount::withdraw(double)" (?withdraw@TrustAccount@@QEAA_NN@Z)
1>C:\Users\Sapok\Desktop\Programming_projects\Visual Studio\ConstructorsAndDestructors\x64\Debug\3. Inheritance - DerivingClasses.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 8 unresolved externals

從我收集到的資訊來看，編譯器要么很生氣，因為它沒有找到我在標題中宣告的函式的任何定義，要么很生氣它無法區分“存款”和“取款”函式每個類（每個類都有這兩個方法，并且它們在任何地方都命名相同，但是繼承應該可以正常作業，我已經檢查了代碼本身并且沒有出現其他編譯器錯誤）。在這一點上，我真的很難理解編譯器到底在哭什么以及如何解決它。

我試圖在所有檔案中包含所有標題，所有 .cpp 檔案無處不在。包含 .cpp 檔案只會讓它吐出 LNK1169（多重定義的符號），所以沒有 bueno。我已經嘗試將所有內容復制到一個新的解決方案中，但無濟于事，我已經兩次和三次檢查了所有代碼，我嘗試過移動檔案，我瀏覽了許多談論這種相同型別錯誤的帖子和他們似乎都沒有幫助。

（我專案檔案分發的截圖）： https ://i.stack.imgur.com/gOXym.png

例如，這是我的基本 Account 類頭...

#ifndef _ACCOUNT_H_
#define _ACCOUNT_H_
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

class Account {
    friend std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream &out, const Account& account);
private:
    static constexpr const char* def_name = "Unnamed account";
    static constexpr double def_balance = 0.0;
protected:
    std::string name;
    double balance;
public:
    Account(std::string name = def_name, double balance = def_balance);
    bool deposit(double amount);
    bool withdraw(double amount);
};

#endif // _ACCOUNT_H_

...及其定義 .cpp 檔案。

#include "Account.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

Account::Account(std::string name, double balance)
    : name{ name }, balance{ balance } {}

bool Account::deposit(double amount) {
    if (amount < 0)
        return false;
    else {
        balance  = amount;
        return true;
    }
}

bool Account::withdraw(double amount) {
    if (balance - amount < 0)
        return false;
    else {
        balance -= amount;
        return true;
    }
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Account& account) {
    out << "[Account: " << account.name << ": " << account.balance << "]";
    return out;
}

所有其他類都非常相似，因為繼承通常有效。

對于冗長的解釋感到抱歉，我對這一切還是陌生的，我只想確保我得到所有必要的細節。如果有人對這樣的幫助帖子有任何一般的禮儀提示，那也將不勝感激:)

提前致謝！

編輯：我將包含所有代碼 - 我認為這還不夠清楚。

Account.h 和 Account.cpp 包含在上面

儲蓄賬戶.h：

#ifndef _SAVINGSACCOUNT_H_
#define _SAVINGSACCOUNT_H_
#include "Account.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

class SavingsAccount : public Account{
    friend std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& out, const SavingsAccount& account);
private:
    static constexpr const char* def_name = "Unnamed account";
    static constexpr double def_balance = 0.0;
    static constexpr double def_interest = 0.0;
protected:
    double interest;
public:
    SavingsAccount(std::string name = def_name, double balance = def_balance, double interest = def_interest);
    bool deposit(double amount);
    // Inherited withdraw
};

#endif // _SAVINGSACCOUNT_H_

SavingsAccount.cpp：

#include "SavingsAccount.h"
#include "Account.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(std::string name, double balance, double interest)
    : Account(name, balance), interest{ interest } {}

bool SavingsAccount::deposit(double amount) {
    amount  = amount * (interest / 100);
    return Account::deposit(amount);
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const SavingsAccount& account) {
    out << "[SavingsAccount: " << account.name << ": " << account.balance << ", " << account.interest << "%]";
    return out;
}

CheckingAccount.h：

#ifndef _CHECKINGACCOUNT_H_
#define _CHECKINGACCOUNT_H_
#include "Account.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

class CheckingAccount : public Account {
    friend std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& out, const CheckingAccount& account);
private:
    static constexpr const char* def_name = "Unnamed account";
    static constexpr double def_balance = 0.0;
    static constexpr double def_fee = 1.5;
public:
    CheckingAccount(std::string name = def_name, double balance = def_balance);
    // Inherited deposit
    bool withdraw(double amount);
};

#endif // _CHECKINGACCOUNT_H_

CheckingAccount.cpp：

#include "CheckingAccount.h"
#include "Account.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

CheckingAccount::CheckingAccount(std::string name, double balance)
    : Account(name, balance) {}

bool CheckingAccount::withdraw(double amount) {
    amount  = def_fee;
    return Account::withdraw(amount);
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const CheckingAccount& account) {
    out << "[CheckingAccount: " << account.name << ": " << account.balance << ", " << account.def_fee << " withdrawal fee]";
    return out;
}

信任帳戶.h：

#ifndef _TRUSTACCOUNT_H_
#define _TRUSTACCOUNT_H_
#include "SavingsAccount.h"
#include "Account.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

class TrustAccount : public SavingsAccount {
    friend std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& out, const TrustAccount& account);
private:
    static constexpr const char* def_name = "Unnamed account";
    static constexpr double def_balance = 0.0;
    static constexpr double def_interest = 0.0; 
    static constexpr double def_bonus = 50.0;
    static constexpr double def_minimum = 0.2;
protected:
    int limit;
public:
    TrustAccount(std::string name = def_name, double balance = def_balance, double interest = def_interest, int limit = 0);
    bool deposit(double amount);
    bool withdraw(double amount);
};

#endif // _TRUSTACCOUNT_H_

信任帳戶.cpp：

#include "TrustAccount.h"
#include "SavingsAccount.h"
#include "Account.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

TrustAccount::TrustAccount(std::string name, double balance, double interest, int limit)
    : SavingsAccount(name, balance, interest), limit{ 0 } {}

bool TrustAccount::deposit(double amount) {
    if (!SavingsAccount::deposit(amount))
        return false;
    if (amount >= 5000)
        Account::deposit(def_bonus);
    return true;
}

bool TrustAccount::withdraw(double amount) {
    if ((limit >= 3) || (amount > (balance * def_minimum)))
        return false;
    limit  ;
    return SavingsAccount::withdraw(amount);
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const TrustAccount& account) {
    out << "[TrustAccount: " << account.name << ": " << account.balance << ", " << account.interest << "%, " << account.def_bonus << " deposit bonus, " << (3 - account.limit) << " withdrawals remaining]";
    return out;
}

Acctools 是我用來幫助顯示代碼和測驗它的部分。它只需要一個 Account（及其衍生品）物件和 mass-deposits/mass-withdraws/displays-all 的向量。

Acctools.h：

#ifndef _ACCTOOLS_H_
#define _ACCTOOLS_H_
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include "Account.h"
#include "SavingsAccount.h"
#include "CheckingAccount.h"
#include "TrustAccount.h"

// Accounts

void display(const std::vector<Account>& accounts);
void deposit(const std::vector<Account>& accounts, double balance);
void withdraw(const std::vector<Account>& accounts, double balance);

// SavingsAccounts

void display(const std::vector<SavingsAccount>& accounts);
void deposit(const std::vector<SavingsAccount>& accounts, double balance);
void withdraw(const std::vector<SavingsAccount>& accounts, double balance);

// CheckingAccounts

void display(const std::vector<CheckingAccount>& accounts);
void deposit(const std::vector<CheckingAccount>& accounts, double balance);
void withdraw(const std::vector<CheckingAccount>& accounts, double balance);

// TrustAccounts

void display(const std::vector<TrustAccount>& accounts);
void deposit(const std::vector<TrustAccount>& accounts, double balance);
void withdraw(const std::vector<TrustAccount>& accounts, double balance);

#endif // _ACCTOOLS_H_

Acctools.cpp：

#include "Acctools.h"
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include "Account.h"
#include "SavingsAccount.h"
#include "CheckingAccount.h"
#include "TrustAccount.h"

// Accounts
void display(const std::vector<Account>& accounts) {
    std::cout << "\n===Accounts========================================" << '\n';
    for (const auto& acc : accounts)
        std::cout << acc << '\n';
}

void deposit(std::vector<Account>& accounts, double amount) {
    std::cout << "\n===Depositing to Accounts========================================" << '\n';
    for (auto& acc : accounts)
        if (acc.deposit(amount))
            std::cout << "Deposited " << amount << " to " << acc << '\n';
        else
            std::cout << "Failed deposit of  " << amount << " to " << acc << '\n';
}

void withdraw(std::vector<Account>& accounts, double amount) {
    std::cout << "\n===Withdrawing from Accounts========================================" << '\n';
    for (auto& acc : accounts)
        if (acc.withdraw(amount))
            std::cout << "Withdrawn " << amount << " from " << acc << '\n';
        else
            std::cout << "Failed withdrawal of " << amount << " from " << acc << '\n';
}

// Savings Accounts

void display(const std::vector<SavingsAccount>& accounts) {
    std::cout << "\n===SavingsAccounts========================================" << '\n';
    for (const auto& acc : accounts)
        std::cout << acc << '\n';
}

void deposit(std::vector<SavingsAccount>& accounts, double amount) {
    std::cout << "\n===Depositing to SavingsAccounts========================================" << '\n';
    for (auto& acc : accounts)
        if (acc.deposit(amount))
            std::cout << "Deposited " << amount << " to " << acc << '\n';
        else
            std::cout << "Failed deposit of  " << amount << " to " << acc << '\n';
}

void withdraw(std::vector<SavingsAccount>& accounts, double amount) {
    std::cout << "\n===Withdrawing from SavingsAccounts========================================" << '\n';
    for (auto& acc : accounts)
        if (acc.withdraw(amount))
            std::cout << "Withdrawn " << amount << " from " << acc << '\n';
        else
            std::cout << "Failed withdrawal of " << amount << " from " << acc << '\n';
}

// Checking Accounts

void display(const std::vector<CheckingAccount>& accounts) {
    std::cout << "\n===CheckingAccounts========================================" << '\n';
    for (const auto& acc : accounts)
        std::cout << acc << '\n';
}

void deposit(std::vector<CheckingAccount>& accounts, double amount) {
    std::cout << "\n===Depositing to CheckingAccounts========================================" << '\n';
    for (auto& acc : accounts)
        if (acc.deposit(amount))
            std::cout << "Deposited " << amount << " to " << acc << '\n';
        else
            std::cout << "Failed deposit of  " << amount << " to " << acc << '\n';
}

void withdraw(std::vector<CheckingAccount>& accounts, double amount) {
    std::cout << "\n===Withdrawing from CheckingAccounts========================================" << '\n';
    for (auto& acc : accounts)
        if (acc.withdraw(amount))
            std::cout << "Withdrawn " << amount << " from " << acc << '\n';
        else
            std::cout << "Failed withdrawal of " << amount << " from " << acc << '\n';
}

// Trust Accounts

void display(const std::vector<TrustAccount>& accounts) {
    std::cout << "\n===TrustAccounts========================================" << '\n';
    for (const auto& acc : accounts)
        std::cout << acc << '\n';
}

void deposit(std::vector<TrustAccount>& accounts, double amount) {
    std::cout << "\n===Depositing to TrustAccounts========================================" << '\n';
    for (auto& acc : accounts)
        if (acc.deposit(amount))
            std::cout << "Deposited " << amount << " to " << acc << '\n';
        else
            std::cout << "Failed deposit of  " << amount << " to " << acc << '\n';
}

void withdraw(std::vector<TrustAccount>& accounts, double amount) {
    std::cout << "\n===Withdrawing from TrustAccounts========================================" << '\n';
    for (auto& acc : accounts)
        if (acc.withdraw(amount))
            std::cout << "Withdrawn " << amount << " from " << acc << '\n';
        else
            std::cout << "Failed withdrawal of " << amount << " from " << acc << '\n';
}

最后，主要的：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "Acctools.h"
#include "Account.h"
#include "SavingsAccount.h"
#include "CheckingAccount.h"
#include "TrustAccount.h"


int main() {

    //////////////////////////////////////////////////// ACCOUNTS

    std::vector<Account> accounts;

    accounts.push_back(Account{ "Cata", 2000 });
    accounts.push_back(Account{ "Pernea", 0 });
    accounts.push_back(Account{ "Razvi", 4000 });

    display(accounts);

    deposit(accounts, 1000);

    display(accounts);

    withdraw(accounts, 3000);

    display(accounts);


    //////////////////////////////////////////////////// SAVINGS ACCOUNTS

    std::vector<SavingsAccount> savingsaccounts;

    savingsaccounts.push_back(SavingsAccount{ "Sapokee", 2000, 5.0 });
    savingsaccounts.push_back(SavingsAccount{ "Bernea", 0, 200.0 });
    savingsaccounts.push_back(SavingsAccount{ "Ravi", 4000, 1.0 });

    display(savingsaccounts);

    deposit(savingsaccounts, 1000);

    display(savingsaccounts);

    withdraw(savingsaccounts, 3000);

    display(savingsaccounts);

    //////////////////////////////////////////////////// CHECKING ACCOUNTS

    std::vector<CheckingAccount> checkingaccounts;

    checkingaccounts.push_back(CheckingAccount{ "Sapok", 2000 });
    checkingaccounts.push_back(CheckingAccount{ "Alex Bernea", 0 });
    checkingaccounts.push_back(CheckingAccount{ "Ravioli", 4000});

    display(checkingaccounts);

    deposit(checkingaccounts, 1000);

    display(checkingaccounts);

    withdraw(checkingaccounts, 3000);

    display(checkingaccounts);

    //////////////////////////////////////////////////// TRUST ACCOUNTS

    std::vector<TrustAccount> trustaccounts;

    trustaccounts.push_back(TrustAccount{ "Sapokee", 2000, 5.0 });
    trustaccounts.push_back(TrustAccount{ "Bernea", 0, 1.0 });
    trustaccounts.push_back(TrustAccount{ "Ravi", 4000, 1.0 });

    display(trustaccounts);

    deposit(trustaccounts, 5000);

    display(trustaccounts);

    withdraw(trustaccounts, 3000);

    display(trustaccounts);

    withdraw(trustaccounts, 100);

    display(trustaccounts);

    withdraw(trustaccounts, 100);

    display(trustaccounts);

    withdraw(trustaccounts, 100);

    display(trustaccounts);

    withdraw(trustaccounts, 100);

    display(trustaccounts);
}

發布答案編輯：

這是更好的 TrustAccount 初始化：

private:
    // ... all other default values
    static constexpr int def_withdrawals = 0;
protected:
    int withdrawals; // changed the name to be more intuitive
public:
    TrustAccount(std::string name = def_name, double balance = def_balance, double interest = def_interest); // removed withdrawals from here

TrustAccount::TrustAccount(std::string name, double balance, double interest)
    : SavingsAccount(name, balance, interest), withdrawals{ def_withdrawals } {}

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

您對帳戶型別的 the和多載的deposit宣告withdraw。Acctools.hconststd::vector

修復方法是洗掉const，以便宣告與以下定義匹配Acctools.cpp：

#ifndef _ACCTOOLS_H_
#define _ACCTOOLS_H_
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include "Account.h"
#include "SavingsAccount.h"
#include "CheckingAccount.h"
#include "TrustAccount.h"

// Accounts

void display(const std::vector<Account>& accounts);
void deposit(std::vector<Account>& accounts, double balance);
void withdraw(std::vector<Account>& accounts, double balance);

// SavingsAccounts

void display(const std::vector<SavingsAccount>& accounts);
void deposit(std::vector<SavingsAccount>& accounts, double balance);
void withdraw(std::vector<SavingsAccount>& accounts, double balance);

// CheckingAccounts

void display(const std::vector<CheckingAccount>& accounts);
void deposit(std::vector<CheckingAccount>& accounts, double balance);
void withdraw(std::vector<CheckingAccount>& accounts, double balance);

// TrustAccounts

void display(const std::vector<TrustAccount>& accounts);
void deposit(std::vector<TrustAccount>& accounts, double balance);
void withdraw(std::vector<TrustAccount>& accounts, double balance);

#endif // _ACCTOOLS_H_

轉載請註明出處，本文鏈接：https://www.uj5u.com/ruanti/428622.html

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