1.什么是playbook
- playbook :定義一個文本檔案，以yml為后綴結尾，那playbook組成如下、
- play：定義的是主機的角色
- task: 定義的是具體執行的任務
- 總結：playbook是由一個或多個play組成，一個play可以包含多個task任務，
- 可以理解為：使用不同的模塊來共同完成一件事情
playbook 劇本 <---------檔案 YAML
- play 找誰 <----------找那個主機 web01
- task 做什么 <----------- 干什么事情 yum copy service
2.playbook和AD-HOc區別
- playbook 是對AD-HOC 的一種編排方式
- playbook 可以持久運行，而AD-HOC 只能臨時運行
- playbook 適合復雜任務，而AD-HOC適合做簡單的任務
- playbook能控制任務執行的先后順序
3.playbook 三板斧 ？ 縮進 冒號 短橫線（語法格式）
| 語法 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| 縮進 | YAML 使用固定的縮進風格表示層級結構，每個縮進由兩個空格組成，不能使用tabs |
| 冒號 | 以冒號結尾的除外，其他所有冒號后面所有必須有空格 |
| 短橫線 | 表示串列項，使用一個短橫線加一個空格，多個項使用同樣的縮進級別作為同一串列 |
- 示例 在/tmp 目錄下創建123.txt 屬主 root 屬組 root 權限0600
- hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: create New File
file: path=/tmp/123.txt state=touch owner=root group=root mode=0600
- name: create New File2
file:
path: /tmp/789.txt
state: touch
owner: root
group: root
mode: 0666
[root@m01 project]# ansible-playbook --syntax f1.yml -i hosts
測驗代碼是否正確
ansible-playbook -C f1.yml -i hosts
測驗環境
4.playbook 寫服務 （NFS HTTPD Nginx LAMP）
- 案列一 使用ansible playbook安裝并配置nfs服務
#172.16.1.31 nfs
#172.16.1.7 server
#172.16.1.8 cliniet
#1. 新增一臺nfs服務器
vim ./project/hosts
[webservers]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8
[nfsservers]
172.16.1.31
[root@m01 project]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]
#2. 測驗三臺主機是否通
[root@m01 project]# ansible all -m ping -i hosts
#3.撰寫一個nfs-sever的yml
1. 安裝nfs yum
2. 配置nfs copy
3.初始化環境
用戶 group user
目錄 file
授權 file
4. 啟動服務 systemd
[root@m01 project]# cat backup/nfs_server.yml
- hosts: nfsservers
tasks:
- name: installed nfs server
yum:
name: nfs-utils
state: present
- name: configure nfs server
copy:
src: ./file/exports.j2
dest: /etc/exports
owner: root
group: root
mode: 0644
backup: yes
- name: create nfs group www
group:
name: www
gid: 666
- name: create nfs user www
user:
name: www
group: www
uid: 666
create_home: no
shell: /sbin/nologin
- name: create nfs directory
file:
path: /ansible_data
state: directory
owner: www
group: www
mode: 0755
recurse: yes
0
- name: systemd nfs server
systemd:
name: nfs
state: restarted
enabled: yes
scp -rp /etc/exports [email protected] :/root/project/file/exports.j2
#4.撰寫一個nfs-client的yml
[root@m01 project]# vim backup/nfs_client.yml
- hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: mount nfs server server share directory
mount:
src: 172.16.1.31:/ansible_data
path: /mnt
fstype: nfs
opts: defaults
state: mounted
- 案列二 使用ansible playbook安裝并配置nginx服務
1.安裝 yum
2.配置 copy
3.啟動 systemd
[root@m01 project]# vim httpd_server.yml +17
- hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: install nginx server
yum:
name: nginx
state: present
- name: cohfig nginx server
copy:
src: ./file/nginx.j2
dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
owner: root
grep: root
mode: 0644
backup: yes
notify: RESTATR NGINX SERVER
- name: sytemd nginx server
systemd:
name: nginx
state: started
handlers:
- name: RESTART NGINX SERVER
systemd:
name: nginx
state: restarted
scp -rp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf [email protected]:/root/project/file/nginx.j2
- -案列三 使用Ansible playbook方式構建lap架構
1.使用yum 安裝httpd php firewalld
2.使用get_url 下載 http://fj.xuliangwei.com/public/index.php
3.啟動httpd firewalld 等服務
4.添加防火墻規則 放行httpd的流量，并永久生效
[root@m01 project]# cat backup/kedao_server.yml
- hosts: web
tasks:
- name: install php server
yum:
name: php
state: present
- name: install http server
yum:
name: httpd
state: present
- name: config http services
get_url:
url: http://fj.xuliangwei.com/public/index.php
dest: /var/www/html/index.php
mode: 0644
- name: systemd httpd server
systemd:
name: httpd
state: restarted
- name: systemd firewalld server
systemd:
name: firewalld
state: restarted
- name: configure firewalld roule
firewalld:
service: http
state: enabled
- 案列4 使用Ansible playbook方式構建可道云網盤 LAP 架構
- hosts: web
tasks:
- name: Installed Httpd Server
yum:
name: httpd
state: present
- name: Installed PHP Server
yum:
name: php
state: present
- name: Get kodcloud Code
synchronize:
src: ./file/kod
dest: /var/www/html/kodcloud
- name: Chomod kodcloud
file:
path: /var/www/html/
owner: root
group: root
mode: 0777
recurse: yes
- name: Systemd Httpd Server
systemd:
name: httpd
state: restarted
-
案列5 使用ansible playbook方式構建可道云網盤 LNP架構
- hosts: web tasks: #1.配置yum源倉庫 nginx php - name: Installed Nginx repo yum_repository: name: nginx description: nginx repos baseurl: http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck: no #2.配置yum源倉庫 php - name: Installed PHP repo yum_repository: name: webtatic-php description: php repos baseurl: http://us-east.repo.webtatic.com/yum/el7/x86_64/ gpgcheck: no #3.安裝nginx和php - name: Installed Nginx and PHP Packages yum: name: "{{ packages }}" vars: packages: - nginx - php71w - php71w-cli - php71w-common - php71w-devel - php71w-gd - mod_php71w - php71w-fpm - php71w-opcache #4.創建程式啟動的用戶身份 - name: Create Group www group: name: www gid: 666 - name: Create User www user: name: www group: www uid: 666 create_home: no shell: /sbin/nologin #5.管理nginx組態檔 - name: Configure nginx.conf copy: src: ./file/nginx.conf.j2 dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf notify: Restart Nginx Server #6.管理php-fpm組態檔 - name: Configure php-fpm.conf copy: src: ./file/php-www.conf.j2 dest: /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf notify: Restart PHP-FPM Server #6.添加kodcloud虛擬主機(檢測語法) - name: Add Nginx VirtHost kod.oldxu.com copy: src: ./file/kold.oldxu.com.conf.j2 dest: /etc/nginx/conf.d/kold.oldxu.com.conf notify: Restart Nginx Server - name: Init Nginx BseEnv file: path: /code state: directory owner: www group: www recurse: yes - name: Push KodCloud Code synchronize: src: ./file/kod dest: /code/ - name: Chomod kodcloud file: path: /code owner: www group: www mode: 0777 recurse: yes - name: Systemd Nginx Server systemd: name: nginx state: started enabled: yes - name: Systemd PHP-FPM Server systemd: name: php-fpm state: started enabled: yes #當nginx或php組態檔發生變更才會觸發此操作 handlers: - name: Restart Nginx Server systemd: name: nginx state: restarted - name: Restart PHP-FPM Server systemd: name: php-fpm state: restarted
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