我正在使用 Django 設定 Amazon AWS 測驗服務器，在該服務器上使用 Postgres 作為資料庫。這是我的方式：
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install python3-pip python3-dev libpq-dev postgresql postgresql-contrib
我從 Github 下載了我的檔案并為它創建了一個虛擬環境，并在里面安裝了 psycopg2。
$ pip install psycopg2
我如何配置 Postgres：
$ sudo -i -u postgres
$ psql
$ createuser --interactive (super user);
$ createdb Filme;
其他一些可能對 Postgres 有用的資訊：
$ service postgresql status
> postgresql.service - PostgreSQL RDBMS
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; vendor preset:>
Active: active (exited) since Wed 2022-10-05 17:08:25 UTC; 20h ago
Main PID: 977 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CPU: 1ms
Oct 05 17:08:25 ip-172-31-29-151 systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL RDBMS...
Oct 05 17:08:25 ip-172-31-29-151 systemd[1]: Finished PostgreSQL RDBMS.
$ pg_lsclusters
> Ver Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file
14 main 5432 online postgres /var/lib/postgresql/14/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-14-main.log
在我settings.py的專案檔案中：
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': 'Filme',
}
}
當我嘗試運行遷移到新資料庫時發生錯誤：
$ (env) $ python3 manage.py migrate
> Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 282, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/asyncio.py", line 26, in inner
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 263, in connect
self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/asyncio.py", line 26, in inner
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py", line 215, in get_new_connection
connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py", line 122, in connect
conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
psycopg2.OperationalError: connection to server on socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432" failed: FATAL: role "ubuntu" does not exist
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/manage.py", line 22, in <module>
main()
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/manage.py", line 18, in main
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 446, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 440, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 402, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 448, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 96, in wrapped
res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 114, in handle
executor = MigrationExecutor(connection, self.migration_progress_callback)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 18, in __init__
self.loader = MigrationLoader(self.connection)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/migrations/loader.py", line 58, in __init__
self.build_graph()
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/migrations/loader.py", line 235, in build_graph
self.applied_migrations = recorder.applied_migrations()
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/migrations/recorder.py", line 81, in applied_migrations
if self.has_table():
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/migrations/recorder.py", line 57, in has_table
with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/asyncio.py", line 26, in inner
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 323, in cursor
return self._cursor()
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 299, in _cursor
self.ensure_connection()
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/asyncio.py", line 26, in inner
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 281, in ensure_connection
with self.wrap_database_errors:
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 91, in __exit__
raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 282, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/asyncio.py", line 26, in inner
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 263, in connect
self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/asyncio.py", line 26, in inner
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py", line 215, in get_new_connection
connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
File "/home/ubuntu/Filmes/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py", line 122, in connect
conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: connection to server on socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432" failed: FATAL: role "ubuntu" does not exist
PS：我也遵循了 DigitalOcean 教程，但我最終陷入了幾乎相同的錯誤。（https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-django-with-postgres-nginx-and-gunicorn-on-ubuntu-18-04）
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
您只配置了ENGINE和NAME設定。您已將所有其他資料庫連接設定保留為默認設定，例如用戶名、密碼等。因此它正在嘗試使用當前 Linux 用戶的用戶名連接到資料庫，該用戶名似乎是ubuntu. 我猜你在運行createuser時沒有指定用戶名，ubuntu也沒有將密碼留空，所以你需要在 Django 資料庫配置中設定這些設定。
與您在設定檔案中配置的兩個設定相比，查看您鏈接的 Digital Ocean 教程中的所有這些資料庫連接設定。
請注意，由于您只是在同一臺服務器上運行 Django 和 Postgres，因此AWS沒有任何關于您的問題的具體內容。這與在任何其他 Linux 服務器上配置 Django/PostgreSQL 的方式相同。如果您正在搜索“django connect to postgres on AWS”或類似的東西（關注您的問題的 AWS 方面，而實際上您的問題根本沒有 AWS 方面），這可能會阻止您找到回答你的問題。
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