如何洗掉檔案中不需要的字符（使用shell腳本）-有解無憂

我有一個看起來像這樣的檔案（file.txt）

AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr44  CRITICAL","component  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr45  CRITICAL","component  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr46  CRITICAL","component  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr47  CRITICAL","component  MMP-FileService  [email protected]     CODE_SMELL
AYOnanmeknsgv2StRr48  MAJOR",               MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanm-knsgv2StRr4-  BLOCKER",             MMP-FileService  [email protected]      CODE_SMELL
AYOnanm6knsgv2StRr49  MAJOR",               MMP-FileService  [email protected]      CODE_SMELL
AYOnannKknsgv2StRr4_  BLOCKER",             MMP-FileService  [email protected]   BUG
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqkr  MINOR",               MMP-FileService  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqkt  MINOR",               MMP-FileService  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqks  MINOR",               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqku  MINOR",               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI7Fknsgv2StRqac  MAJOR",               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI7Nknsgv2StRqad  MAJOR",               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI-Qknsgv2StRqai  MAJOR",               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL

我必須洗掉第二列中不需要的 ","component字符",

然后預期的輸出

AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr44  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr45  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr46  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr47  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]    CODE_SMELL
AYOnanmeknsgv2StRr48  MAJOR     MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanm-knsgv2StRr4-  BLOCKER   MMP-FileService  [email protected]    CODE_SMELL
AYOnanm6knsgv2StRr49  MAJOR     MMP-FileService  [email protected]    CODE_SMELL
AYOnannKknsgv2StRr4_  BLOCKER   MMP-FileService  [email protected]    BUG
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqkr  MINOR     MMP-FileService  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqkt  MINOR     MMP-FileService  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqks  MINOR     MMP-component  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqku  MINOR     MMP-component  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI7Fknsgv2StRqac  MAJOR     MMP-component  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI7Nknsgv2StRqad  MAJOR     MMP-component  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI-Qknsgv2StRqai  MAJOR     MMP-component  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL

這是我嘗試過的

cat file.txt | tr -d '",' | sed 's/component//'

然后輸出我得到

YOnanl3knsgv2StRr44  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr45  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr46  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr47  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]     CODE_SMELL
AYOnanmeknsgv2StRr48  MAJOR               MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanm-knsgv2StRr4-  BLOCKER             MMP-FileService  [email protected]      CODE_SMELL
AYOnanm6knsgv2StRr49  MAJOR               MMP-FileService  [email protected]      CODE_SMELL
AYOnannKknsgv2StRr4_  BLOCKER             MMP-FileService  [email protected]   BUG
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqkr  MINOR               MMP-FileService  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqkt  MINOR               MMP-FileService  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqks  MINOR               MMP-    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqku  MINOR               MMP-    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI7Fknsgv2StRqac  MAJOR               MMP-    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI7Nknsgv2StRqad  MAJOR               MMP-    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI-Qknsgv2StRqai  MAJOR               MMP-    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL

我執行的 shell 命令也適用于其他列（在這種情況下，它也適用于第 3 列），這就是我遇到的問題。有沒有辦法只對第二列應用命令？

有人可以幫我解決這個問題嗎？提前致謝！

注意：我不允許使用 jq 或其他腳本語言，如 JavaScript、Python 等。

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

它可以一次性完成sub：

awk '{sub(/"[^[:blank:]]*$/, "", $2)} 1' file | column -t

AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr44  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr45  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr46  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr47  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]    CODE_SMELL
AYOnanmeknsgv2StRr48  MAJOR     MMP-FileService  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYOnanm-knsgv2StRr4-  BLOCKER   MMP-FileService  [email protected]    CODE_SMELL
AYOnanm6knsgv2StRr49  MAJOR     MMP-FileService  [email protected]    CODE_SMELL
AYOnannKknsgv2StRr4_  BLOCKER   MMP-FileService  [email protected]    BUG
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqkr  MINOR     MMP-FileService  [email protected]    CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqkt  MINOR     MMP-FileService  [email protected]    CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqks  MINOR     MMP-component    [email protected]    CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqku  MINOR     MMP-component    [email protected]    CODE_SMELL
AYODsI7Fknsgv2StRqac  MAJOR     MMP-component    [email protected]    CODE_SMELL
AYODsI7Nknsgv2StRqad  MAJOR     MMP-component    [email protected]    CODE_SMELL
AYODsI-Qknsgv2StRqai  MAJOR     MMP-component    [email protected]    CODE_SMELL

這里：

"[^[:blank:]]*$": 匹配以in input ( )開頭的文本$2，我們將其替換為空字串。
column -t僅用于表格輸出，如果不需要，可以將其洗掉。

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

考慮這種方法，如果您確定要洗掉的字符僅出現在第二列中（從此處借用和改編https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/492500/awk-replace-one-character-only-在某列中）

awk '{{gsub("\",(\"component)?","", $2)}} 1' file.txt

gsub("\",\"component?","", $2)對于每個輸入行，將",("component)?第二個欄位中的所有內容替換為空白 - 這是一個正則運算式，表示 find",然后可選地括號中的部分："component. ?是可選的運算子
1是列印內容的 awk 習慣用法$0（包含輸入記錄）

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

第一個解決方案：考慮到您的字串","component總是會出現在同一個地方，請嘗試以下awk代碼。此代碼將僅按照所示示例保留欄位之間的空格。

awk '
match($0,/","*[^[:space:]]*/){
  print substr($0,1,RSTART-1) sprintf("%-"(RLENGTH) "s",OFS) substr($0,RSTART RLENGTH)
  next
}
1
'  Input_file

第二種解決方案：使用 GNUawk使用match函式和正則運算式，它確實認為您的字串將僅按照所示示例出現在第二個欄位中，這也會處理 Input_file 中的空格并將它們保留在輸出中。這是使用的正則運算式的在線演示。

awk '
match($0,/^([^[:space:]] [[:space:]] )([^"]*)(","*[^[:space:]]*)(.*$)/,arr){
  print arr[1] arr[2] sprintf("%-"length(arr[3]) "s",OFS) arr[4]
  next
}
1
'  Input_file

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

您可以按照以下方式使用 GNU sed 來完成此任務，讓file.txt內容成為

AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr44  CRITICAL","component  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr45  CRITICAL","component  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr46  CRITICAL","component  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr47  CRITICAL","component  MMP-FileService  [email protected]     CODE_SMELL
AYOnanmeknsgv2StRr48  MAJOR",               MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanm-knsgv2StRr4-  BLOCKER",             MMP-FileService  [email protected]      CODE_SMELL
AYOnanm6knsgv2StRr49  MAJOR",               MMP-FileService  [email protected]      CODE_SMELL
AYOnannKknsgv2StRr4_  BLOCKER",             MMP-FileService  [email protected]   BUG
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqkr  MINOR",               MMP-FileService  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqkt  MINOR",               MMP-FileService  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqks  MINOR",               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqku  MINOR",               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI7Fknsgv2StRqac  MAJOR",               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI7Nknsgv2StRqad  MAJOR",               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI-Qknsgv2StRqai  MAJOR",               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL

然后

sed 's/"[^[:space:]]*//' file.txt

給出輸出

AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr44  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr45  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr46  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanl3knsgv2StRr47  CRITICAL  MMP-FileService  [email protected]     CODE_SMELL
AYOnanmeknsgv2StRr48  MAJOR               MMP-FileService  [email protected]  CODE_SMELL
AYOnanm-knsgv2StRr4-  BLOCKER             MMP-FileService  [email protected]      CODE_SMELL
AYOnanm6knsgv2StRr49  MAJOR               MMP-FileService  [email protected]      CODE_SMELL
AYOnannKknsgv2StRr4_  BLOCKER             MMP-FileService  [email protected]   BUG
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqkr  MINOR               MMP-FileService  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqkt  MINOR               MMP-FileService  [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqks  MINOR               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODwmuBknsgv2StRqku  MINOR               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI7Fknsgv2StRqac  MAJOR               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI7Nknsgv2StRqad  MAJOR               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL
AYODsI-Qknsgv2StRqai  MAJOR               MMP-component    [email protected]   CODE_SMELL

說明："使用空字串替換第一個和所有后續的非空白字符，即洗掉它。假設："確實只出現在第二列，您不需要保持列對齊。

（在 GNU sed 4.2.2 中測驗）

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