ASP.NET MVC5 采用Unity（代碼和組態檔兩種方式）實作IOC-有解無憂

Unity是微軟Patterns & Practices團隊所開發的一個輕量級的，并且可擴展的依賴注入(Dependency Injection)容器，通過使用Unity，我們能輕松構建松耦合結構的程式，從而讓整個程式框架變得清晰和易于維護，下面我通過兩個具體的mvc的例子來說明一下怎么用代碼和組態檔來實作IOC，

1、用編程方式實作注入

使用Unity來管理物件與物件之間的關系可以分為以下幾步：

A、創建一個UnityContainer物件

B、通過UnityContainer物件的RegisterType方法來注冊物件與物件之間的關系

C、通過UnityContainer物件的Resolve方法來獲取指定物件關聯的物件

2、組態檔方式

通過組態檔配置Unity資訊需要有以下幾個步驟：

A、在組態檔<configSections> 配置節下注冊名為unity的section

B、在<configuration> 配置節下添加Unity配置資訊

C、在代碼中讀取配置資訊，并將配置載入到UnityContainer中

一，測驗資料準備：

1.1、創建ASP.NET MVC專案（ioc）和三個類別庫(IInterFace,IService,Model),如圖：

ioc為UI層：

注：記得參考其他類別庫：

1.2、ioc.IInterFace為抽象層（介面）：這里寫了兩個介面（IUser和IStudent）

1、IUser用于測驗：只使用代碼，不使用組態檔實作IOC

2、IStudent用于測驗：使用組態檔實作IOC

IStudent 介面代碼：

using ioc.Model;<br/>
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ioc.IInterFace
{
    public interface IStudent
    {
        IEnumerable<Student> GetAll();
        Student Get(int id);
        Student Add(Student item);
        bool Update(Student item);
        bool Delete(int id);
    }
}

IUser 介面代碼：

using ioc.Model;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ioc.IInterFace
{
   public interface IUser
    {
        List<UserInfo> GetUsers();
    }
}

1.3、ioc.IService為業務層（繼承對應抽象類）：這里創建兩個實作類（SimpleStudent，SimpleUser）

SimpleStudent 類（繼承自IStudent）代碼：

using ioc.IInterFace;
using ioc.Model;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ioc.IService
{
   public class SimpleStudent : IStudent
    {
        private readonly List<Student> Articles = new List<Student>();

        public SimpleStudent()
        {
            //添加演示資料
            Add(new Student { Id = 1, Name = "大司馬", Major = "軟體工程", Graduation = "2021年", School = "清華大學" });
            Add(new Student { Id = 2, Name = "茄子", Major = "計算機科學與技術", Graduation = "2021年", School = "清華大學" });
            Add(new Student { Id = 3, Name = "呆妹", Major = "自動化", Graduation = "2021年", School = "清華大學" });
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 添加文章
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="item"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public Student Add(Student item)
        {
            if (item == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("item is null");
            }
            Articles.Add(item);
            return item;
        }



        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取全部文章
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public IEnumerable<Student> GetAll()
        {
            return Articles;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 通過ID獲取文章
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public Student Get(int id)
        {
            return Articles.Find(p => p.Id == id);
        }



        /// <summary>
        /// 更新文章
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="item"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Update(Student item)
        {
            if (item == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("item");
            }

            int index = Articles.FindIndex(p => p.Id == item.Id);
            if (index == -1)
            {
                return false;
            }
            Articles.RemoveAt(index);
            Articles.Add(item);
            return true;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 洗掉文章
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Delete(int id)
        {
            Articles.RemoveAll(p => p.Id == id);
            return true;
        }


    }
}

SimpleUser（繼承自IUser）類代碼：

using ioc.IInterFace;
using ioc.Model;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;


namespace ioc.IService
{
    public class SimpleUser : IUser
    {
        public List<UserInfo> GetUsers()
        {
            var list = new List<UserInfo>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                list.Add(new UserInfo() { ID = i, UserName = "Uer" + i, Age = i });
            }
            return list;
        }
    }
}

1.4、ioc.Model為物體類：這里創建兩個物體類（Student，UserInfo）

Student類代碼：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ioc.Model
{
    public class Student
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Graduation { get; set; }
        public string School { get; set; }
        public string Major { get; set; }
    }
}

UserInfo類代碼：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ioc.Model
{

   public class UserInfo
    {
        public int ID { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
    }
}

二、基本的資料層和代碼準備好之后，我們開始引入容器 Unity：

2.1、右鍵UI層的引入，點擊（管理NuGet程式包），安裝這些程式包：

注：或許有些程式包用不到，但我全都參考了（PS:因為本人研究IOC的時候掉了很多坑）

2.2、Unity容器的一些程式包參考完成后就進入正題：

1.首先開始撰寫只用代碼不使用組態檔實作IOC：

1）創建 UserController 這個控制類用來測驗光用代碼實作IOC注入：

UserController 代碼部分：

using ioc.IInterFace;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace ioc.Controllers
{
    
    public class UserController : Controller
    {
        private IUser service;
        public UserController(IUser service)
        {
            this.service = service;
        }

        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            var data = this.service.GetUsers();
            return View(data);
        }

    }
}

然后我們在 Global.asax 中初始化 IOC：

Global.asax代碼部分：

using ioc.IInterFace;
using ioc.IService;
using ioc.OtherUtil;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Optimization;
using System.Web.Routing;
using Unity;
using Unity.Mvc5;

namespace ioc
{
    public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start()
        {
            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
            FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
            RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
            BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles);

            //組態檔注入
            //UnityConfig.RegisterComponents(BootStrapper.Init());

            //代碼注入Ioc
            var container = this.BuildUnityContainer();
            //這里的UnityDependencyResolver類在測驗組態檔注入的時候創建了，所以需要這樣區分開
            DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new Unity.Mvc5.UnityDependencyResolver(container));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 代碼注入ioc方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected IUnityContainer BuildUnityContainer()
        {
            var container = new UnityContainer();

            container.RegisterType<IUser, SimpleUser>();
            //container.RegisterType<IStudent, SimpleStudent>();

            return container;
        }
    }
}

接下來我們回到 UserController 中右鍵Index方法添加視圖：

添加完成后是這樣的：

User 的 Index.cshtml 的代碼：

@using ioc.Model;

@model List<UserInfo>

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "UserIndex";
}
<h2>Index</h2>
<table class="table">
    <tr>
        <th>ID</th>
        <th>UserName</th>
        <th>Age</th>
    </tr>
    @foreach (var item in Model)
    {
        <tr>
            <td>@item.ID</td>
            <td>@item.UserName</td>
            <td>@item.Age</td>
        </tr>
    }
</table>

然后右鍵這個Index.cshtml 點擊在瀏覽器中查看（這里使用谷歌瀏覽器），效果如下：

出現👆👆👆👆👆頁面就說明我們的使用代碼注入IOC就成功了，

2）接下來我們創建 StudentController 這個控制類用來測驗使用組態檔實作IOC注入：

StudentController 代碼：

using ioc.IInterFace;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace ioc.Controllers
{
    public class StudentController : Controller
    {

         IStudent repository;
        //構造器注入
        public StudentController(IStudent repository)
        {
            this.repository = repository;
        }



        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            var data = this.repository.GetAll();
            return View(data);
        }


    }
}

然后還是右鍵Index方法添加試圖，Student視圖的Index.cshtml代碼為：

@using ioc.Model;
@model List<Student>
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
}

<table class="table">
    <tr>
        <th>序號</th>
        <th>專業</th>
        <th>姓名</th>
        <th>學校</th>
    </tr>
    @foreach (var item in Model)
    {
<tr>
    <td>@item.Id</td>
    <td>@item.Major</td>
    <td>@item.Name</td>
    <td>@item.School</td>
</tr>
    }
</table>

然后我們新建兩個檔案夾：OtherConfig 和 OtherUtil

1、在 OtherConfig 檔案夾中創建檔案：Unity.config；

2、在 OtherUtil 檔案夾中創建檔案：

BootStrapper：引導類，用于初始化作業；

UnityControllerFactory：繼承DefaultControllerFactory，多載GetControllerInstance方法，實作自己的UnityControllerFactory類，并通過IoC容器將之注冊為IControllerFactory的實作；

UnityDependencyResolver：實作IDependencyResolver介面并通過DependencyResolver.SetResolver告知MVC，將部分型別實體決議作業交由IoC容器Unity來處理；

如圖：

Unity.config 組態檔的代碼：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
	<!--unity組態檔-->
	<configSections>
		<section name="unity" type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration.UnityConfigurationSection,Unity.Configuration" />
	</configSections>

	<unity>
		<containers>
			<container name="IQueryContainer">
				<!--<register type="抽象類,抽象類的命名空間" mapTo="繼承這個抽象類的實作類,實作類的命名空間"/>-->
				<register type="ioc.IInterFace.IStudent,ioc.IInterFace" mapTo="ioc.IService.SimpleStudent,ioc.IService"/>
				<!--<register type="ioc.IInterFace.IUser,ioc.IInterFace" mapTo="ioc.IService.SimpleUser,ioc.IService"/>-->
			</container>
		</containers>
	</unity>
	<system.serviceModel>
		<bindings />
		<client />
	</system.serviceModel>
	
</configuration>

BootStrapper 類的代碼：

using Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Configuration;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using Unity;

namespace ioc.OtherUtil
{
    public class BootStrapper
    {
        public static IUnityContainer Init()
        {
            var container = BuildUnityContainer();
            DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new UnityDependencyResolver(container));
            return container;
        }

        private static IUnityContainer BuildUnityContainer()
        {
            var container = new UnityContainer();
            ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
            fileMap.ExeConfigFilename = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "OtherConfig\\Unity.config");
            Configuration configuration = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(fileMap,ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
            UnityConfigurationSection section = (UnityConfigurationSection)configuration.GetSection(UnityConfigurationSection.SectionName);
            section.Configure(container, "IQueryContainer");

            return container;
        }
    }
}

UnityControllerFactory 類的代碼：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;
using Unity;

namespace ioc.OtherUtil
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 繼承DefaultControllerFactory，多載GetControllerInstance方法，
    /// 實作自己的UnityControllerFactory類，并通過IoC容器將之注冊為IControllerFactory的實作
    /// 在組態檔（unity.config）的System.Web.Mvc.IControllerFactory后的mapTo后注冊
    /// </summary>
    public class UnityControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory
    {
        IUnityContainer container;
        public UnityControllerFactory(IUnityContainer container)
        {
            this.container = container;
        }

        protected override IController GetControllerInstance(RequestContext reqContext, Type controllerType)
        {
            return container.Resolve(controllerType) as IController;
        }
    }
}

UnityDependencyResolver 類的代碼：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using Unity;

namespace ioc.OtherUtil
{
    /// <summary>
    ///  實作IDependencyResolver介面并通過DependencyResolver.SetResolver告知MVC
    ///  ，將部分型別實體決議作業交由IoC容器Unity來處理
    /// </summary>
    public class UnityDependencyResolver : IDependencyResolver
    {
        IUnityContainer container;
        public UnityDependencyResolver(IUnityContainer container)
        {
            this.container = container;
        }

        public object GetService(Type serviceType)
        {
            if (!this.container.IsRegistered(serviceType))
            {
                return null;
            }
            return container.Resolve(serviceType);
        }

        public IEnumerable<object> GetServices(Type serviceType)
        {
            return container.ResolveAll(serviceType);
        }
    }
}

接下來我們在 Global.asax 中初始化容器，代碼為：

using ioc.IInterFace;
using ioc.IService;
using ioc.OtherUtil;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Optimization;
using System.Web.Routing;
using Unity;
using Unity.Mvc5;

namespace ioc
{
    public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start()
        {
            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
            FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
            RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
            BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles);

            //組態檔注入
            UnityConfig.RegisterComponents(BootStrapper.Init());

            代碼注入Ioc
            //var container = this.BuildUnityContainer();
            這里的UnityDependencyResolver類在測驗組態檔注入的時候創建了，所以需要這樣區分開
            //DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new Unity.Mvc5.UnityDependencyResolver(container));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 代碼注入ioc方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        //protected IUnityContainer BuildUnityContainer()
        //{
        //    var container = new UnityContainer();

        //    container.RegisterType<IUser, SimpleUser>();
        //    //container.RegisterType<IStudent, SimpleStudent>();

        //    return container;
        //}

    }
}

最后我們右鍵Student下的Index.cshtml點擊在瀏覽器中查看，這是運行結果：

這樣，兩種實作IOC的方式就全部完成了，嘎嘎嘎！！！

轉載請註明出處，本文鏈接：https://www.uj5u.com/ruanti/287365.html

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