文章目錄
- 1、微服務架構概述
- 2、IDEA搭建作業空間
- 2.1、創建一個Project
- 2.2、父工程Pom
- 2.3、Maven工程內容說明
- 3、Rest微服務工程構建
- 3.1、建Module
- 3.2、改Pom檔案
- 3.3、改YML
- 3.4、寫主啟動類
- 3.5、支付模塊業務類
- 3.5.1、建表
- 3.5.2、物體類
- 3.5.3、撰寫dao層
- 3.5.4、撰寫service層
- 3.5.5、撰寫controller層
- 3.6、最后的包結構圖示
- 3.7、結果測驗
- 3.8、小結
- 4、部署Devtools
- 5、訂單模塊的撰寫
- 5.1、建Module
- 5.2、改Pom
- 5.3、改YML
- 5.4、主啟動
- 5.5、業務類
- 5.5.1、物體類
- 5.5.2、配置類
- 5.5.3、撰寫controller層
- 5.6、包結構
- 5.7、測驗結果
- 6、工程重構
- 6.1、應付的問題
- 6.2、重構步驟
1、微服務架構概述
1. 微服務介紹

- 微服務架構是一種架構模式,他提倡將單一應用劃分為一組小的服務,服務之間互相協調、互相配合,為用戶提供最終價值,每個服務運行在其獨立的行程中,服務與服務之間采用輕量級的通信機制互相協作(通常是基于
HTTP協議的RESTful API),每個服務都圍繞著其本業務進行構建,并且能夠被獨立的部署到生產環境、類生產環境等,另外,應當盡量避免統一的、集中式的服務管理機制,對具體的一個服務而言,應根據業務背景關系,選擇合適的語言、工具對其進行構建,
2. 技術說明

3. SpringCloud介紹

SpringBoot開發的一個個功能模塊只能屬于一個個微服務,它只是一小部分,SpringCloud是由微服務以及一些技術堆疊組成的,
4. SpringCloud主要的技術堆疊

5. SpringBoot與SpringCloud之間的版本依賴
| SpringBoot | SpringCloud |
|---|---|
| 2.6.x | 2021.0.x aka Jubilee |
| 2.4.x, 2.5.x (Starting with 2020.0.3) | 2020.0.x aka Ilford |
| 2.2.x, 2.3.x (Starting with SR5) | Hoxton |
| 2.1.x | Greenwich |
| 2.0.x | Finchley |
| 1.5.x | Edgware |
| 1.5.x | Dalston |
6. 本博主SpringCloud的技術選型
| 技術名稱 | 版本 |
|---|---|
| SpringCloud | Hoxton.SR1 |
| SpringBoot | 2.2.2 RELEASE |
| SpringCloud | 2.1.0RELEASE |
| Java | 8 |
| Maven | 3.5及以上 |
| MySQL | 5.7及以上 |
2、IDEA搭建作業空間
2.1、創建一個Project
1. 字符編碼配置

2. 注解生效碼激活

3. Java版本選擇

4. 檔案過濾

2.2、父工程Pom
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.xiao</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud02</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<!-- 統一管理jar包版本 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.18.20</lombok.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
<druid.version>1.1.17</druid.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.2</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
</properties>
<!-- 子模塊繼承之后,提供作用:鎖定版本+子modlue不用寫groupId和version -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.3、Maven工程內容說明
1. Maven中的dependencyManagement和dependencies
- 如果多個子專案都引入同一樣依賴,則可以避免在每個子專案中都引入相關依賴;如果需要對依賴的版本進行修改和升級,只需要在父容器中進行更新,而不需要在一個個子專案中進行修改,
dependencyManagement里面只是宣告依賴,并不實作引入,因此子專案需要宣告相關的依賴,- 如果子專案中指定了版本號,那么會使用子專案中指定的版本號,
2. Maven中跳過單元測驗

3、Rest微服務工程構建
3.1、建Module

3.2、改Pom檔案
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud02</artifactId>
<groupId>com.xiao</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3.3、改YML
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: cloud-payment-service
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2019?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
username: root
password: 123456
mybatis:
mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities
3.4、寫主啟動類
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
}
}
包結構說明

- 一定要將主啟動類放置在一個包下,
3.5、支付模塊業務類
3.5.1、建表
CREATE DATABASE db2019;
USE db2019;
CREATE TABLE `payment`(
`id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
`serial` VARCHAR(200) DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (id)
)ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
INSERT INTO payment VALUES(1,'aaaa01');
3.5.2、物體類
1. Payment
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ToString
public class Payment implements Serializable {
private Long id;
private String serial;
}
2. CommonResult
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
this(code,message,null);
}
}
- 用于
json封裝物體類
3.5.3、撰寫dao層
1. PaymentDao
import com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {
public int create(Payment payment);
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
2. PaymentMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.xiao.cloud.dao.PaymentDao">
<insert id="create" parameterType="com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into db2019.payment(serial) value (#{serial});
</insert>
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment">
<!-- column表示的是資料庫欄位 property表示的是java物體類中欄位 -->
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select * from payment where id = #{id};
</select>
</mapper>
3.5.4、撰寫service層
1. PaymentService
import com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
public interface PaymentService {
public int create(Payment payment);
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
2. PaymentServiceImpl
import com.xiao.cloud.dao.PaymentDao;
import com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment;
import com.xiao.cloud.service.PaymentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
@Autowired
private PaymentDao paymentDao;
@Override
public int create(Payment payment) {
return paymentDao.create(payment);
}
@Override
public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) {
return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
}
}
3.5.5、撰寫controller層
import com.xiao.cloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment;
import com.xiao.cloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
@Autowired
private PaymentService paymentService;
@PostMapping("/payment/create")
public CommonResult create(Payment payment){
int result = paymentService.create(payment);
log.info("*****插入結果為:" + result);
if(result > 0){
return new CommonResult(200,"插入資料庫成功",result);
}else {
return new CommonResult(444,"插入資料庫失敗",null);
}
}
@GetMapping("/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
log.info("*****查詢結果為:" + payment);
if(payment != null){
return new CommonResult(200,"查詢資料庫成功",payment);
}else {
return new CommonResult(444,"查詢資料庫失敗,沒有對應記錄,id為:" + id,null);
}
}
}
3.6、最后的包結構圖示

3.7、結果測驗
1. 查詢測驗

2. 插入測驗

3.8、小結
1. 工程撰寫步驟
- 建Module
- 改Pom
- 改YML
- 主啟動
- 業務類
4、部署Devtools
1、在子專案Pom檔案中添加依賴
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
2、在父專案Pom檔案中添加插件
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
3、開啟配置

4、更新相應的值
Ctrl + Alt + Shift + /


5、重啟IDEA
5、訂單模塊的撰寫
5.1、建Module

5.2、改Pom
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud02</artifactId>
<groupId>com.xiao</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-consumer-order80</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
5.3、改YML
server:
port: 80
5.4、主啟動
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderMain80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class,args);
}
}
5.5、業務類
5.5.1、物體類
1. Payment
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ToString
public class Payment implements Serializable {
private Long id;
private String serial;
}
2. CommonResult
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
this(code,message,null);
}
}
- 用于
json封裝物體類
5.5.2、配置類
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
- 因為兩個模塊的服務的呼叫需要使用到
RestTemplate,所以我們需要進行配置,
5.5.3、撰寫controller層
import com.xiao.cloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
public static final String URL = "http://localhost:8001";
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
return restTemplate.postForObject(URL + "/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.class);
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(URL + "/payment/get/" + id,CommonResult.class);
}
}
5.6、包結構

5.7、測驗結果
1. 查詢操作

2. 插入操作
- 不要忘記在第一個模塊的相應的引數上加上
@RequestBody,不然會導致插入的引數為NULL,

6、工程重構
6.1、應付的問題

- 可以發現兩個模塊中有重復的部分,而工程重構就是解決這種問題的,防止內容冗余,
6.2、重構步驟
1. 建Module
2. 改Pom
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud02</artifactId>
<groupId>com.xiao</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cn.hutool/hutool-all -->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.1.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3. 將重復的部分放置該模塊中,記得包名一定要相同
4. 對新建的模塊進行 maven命令clean install
5. 洗掉對應模塊的重復部分,然后修改對應的Pom檔案
添加的內容:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.xiao</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
6. 測驗結果

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